58 results about "Gut microbiome" patented technology

The present invention relates to the gut microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic target for energy harvesting, weight loss or gain, and / or obesity in a subject. In particular, the invention provides methods of altering and monitoring the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes in the gut microbiome of a subject.

The present disclosure provides for characterization of normal flora and identifying biomarkers in the gut of healthy, neruotypical subjects. Aspect of the disclosure provide for the characterization of the gut microbiome in ADS subjects, characterized by reduced richness and significant loss of the ‘Prevotella-like enterotype’ compared to neurotypical subjects. The relative abundance of genera Prevotella, Coprococcus, Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae are significantly lower in autistic children than in neurotypical children. Further, Prevotella, is one of the three main classifiers for the human enterotypes, along with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. These three core genera are among main contributors in the principle component analysis. ‘Prevotella-like enterotype’ was absent in the autistic group, while neurotypical samples showed an even distribution among the three enterotypes. The present disclosure provides for an understanding the association between gut microbiota, health, and disease states, and provides for potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

The invention features the use of a defined microbial consortia for the replacement of a gut microbiome associated with disease. In particular, the invention provides for the treatment of hyperammonemia, Clostridium difficile colitis, hepatic encephalopathy associated with cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in an individual diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, and at least 6 grams per day of fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. In certain embodiments, monoacylglycerolacyltransferase-3 (MGAT3) synthesis is inhibited to lower triacylglycerol (TAG) production, while in others, expression of diacylglycerolacyltransferase-2 (DGAT-2) is inhibited. The beneficial bacteria are preferably modified to produce increased amounts of butyrate and are also encapsulated in a frangible enclosure. Levels of Roseburia are preferably increased while the levels of Akkermansia spp. in the individual's gut microbiome are reduced.

The present disclosure provides for characterization of normal flora and identifying biomarkers in the gut of healthy, neruotypical subjects. Aspect of the disclosure provide for the characterization of the gut microbiome in ADS subjects, characterized by reduced richness and significant loss of the ‘Prevotella-like enterotype’ compared to neurotypical subjects. The relative abundance of genera Prevotella, Coprococcus, Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae are significantly lower in autistic children than in neurotypical children. Further, Prevotella, is one of the three main classifiers for the human enterotypes, along with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. These three core genera are among main contributors in the principle component analysis. ‘Prevotella-like enterotype’ was absent in the autistic group, while neurotypical samples showed an even distribution among the three enterotypes. The present disclosure provides for an understanding the association between gut microbiota, health, and disease states, and provides for potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in an individual diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, and at least 6 grams per day of fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. In certain embodiments, monoacylglycerolacyltransferase-3 (MGAT3) synthesis is inhibited to lower triacylglycerol (TAG) production, while in others, expression of diacylglycerolacyltransferase-2 (DGAT-2) is inhibited. The beneficial bacteria are preferably modified to produce increased amounts of butyrate and are also encapsulated in a frangible enclosure. Levels of Roseburia are preferably increased while the levels of Akkermansia spp. in the individual's gut microbiome are reduced.

The present invention relates to the field of medicine and in particular to celiac disease (CD). Specifically the present invention relates to methods and means for detection of CD using novel microbiomarker, celiac gut index (CGI). The invention relates also to methods and means for treatment or prophylaxis of CD. The present invention provides a novel product comprising a gut microbiome altering agent that, when administered to an individual, improves the state of health of individuals suffering or susceptible to suffer from celiac disease and possibly reduces the likelihood of acquiring celiac disease. The product of the invention provides a natural and safe manner for the treatment of celiac disease. The present invention provides also a novel method for aiding diagnosis of CD by the specific gut health biomarker, Celiac Gut Index (GCI). In the method a probability of a subject having celiac disease is determined by measuring the relative abundances of one or more microbial taxa in a fecal sample from a subject; and the probability of the subject having CD is determined based on the measured abundances as celiac gut index (CGI).

A new method for diagnosing an inflammatory bowel disease is herein described, based on the determination of the absence of at least one gene from the human' gut microbiome.

A new method for diagnosing obesity is herein described, based on the determination of the absence of at least one gene from the human' gut microbiome.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing oligosaccharides which can be used among others as food additives to reduce calorie content, to sweeten food products, to increase the fiber content of food products, to improve the texture of food products and to stimulate the gut microbiome bacteria. Furthermore they can be applied in the fields of animal feed, or other applications. More particularly, this invention is directed to a high temperature hydrolysis of xyloglucan polysaccharide to defined xyloglucan oligosaccharides. The invention further relates to oligosaccharide hydrolysates produced with the method of the invention and to the use of said oligosaccharide hydrolysates in human and / or animal nutrition, as prebiotic or other uses. Further provided are novel endoglucanases for use in the method of the invention as well as in other applications.

The present disclosure relates to methods of treating at least one symptom of a mental disorder or disease of the central nervous system in a subject by modulating the amount of GABA produced in the subject's gut. The present disclosure also relates to methods of culturing the bacterial strain new bacterial strains. Also disclosed are methods of identifying bacterial strains capable of producing GABA, and engineering strains to produce GABA.

The present disclosure generally relates to pediatric nutritional compositions including galacto-oligosaccharide and human milk oligosaccharide or a precursor thereof. Further, the nutritional compositions may include GOS in combination with a first human milk oligosaccharide or precursor thereof and a second human milk oligosaccharide or precursor thereof. The disclosed nutritional compositions advantageously modify gut microbiome and improve select markers of immunity, brain structure, and gut function.

This special gut microbe and chemical substance sampling technology, utilizing swallowable capsules, is for purpose of determining roles gut contents play in some 52 of most costly, in lives and dollars, of diseases with their known origin in the human gut. Gut microbes and substances are collected, analyzed, medicinal substances and objects deployed, and special provisions for attracting, capturing and preserving certain strains of microbes, and means for perturbing the gut environment and immune system are all intended to research, discover, and ultimately find both the causes and cures for the most devastating human diseases, and in the process, create gut microbiome profiles.

The present disclosure generally relates to pediatric nutritional compositions including a human milk oligosaccharide or a precursor thereof. Further, the nutritional compositions may include a prebiotic mixture of galacto-oligosaccharide and / or polydextrose, a probiotic, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and human milk oligosaccharides. The disclosed nutritional compositions advantageously modify gut microbiome and improve select markers of immunity, brain structure, and gut function.

A dietary supplement for inducing and sustaining nutritional ketosis is disclosed. The invention addresses the many benefits of nutritional ketosis confers upon the human body via a composition containing exogenous ketones, ketone precursors, mineral cations, and probiotics. Such a combination improves metabolism, provides alternative fuels for the body under a diseased metabolic state, and strengthens digestion by supplementing the gut microbiome.

This invention provides compositions of oligosaccharides, their preparation, and their use to facilitate the growth of certain beneficial gut bacteria over other gut bacteria in a mammal in order to prevent gastrointestinal distress associated with a major change in gut microflora, such as that which occurs when an infant is weaned from its mother's milk to alternative food sources, or during the recovery of the gut microbiome after a course of oral antibiotics, hospitalization, therapy such as chemotherapy or radiation treatments, or conditions where a deficiency in dietary fiber is observed. Novel compositions of oligosaccharides, oligosaccharides and bacteria, foods comprising those compositions, and methods of preparation and use of those compositions are described.

The present invention provides the use of metagenomics to identify a compositional or functional alteration of the gut metagenome related to atherosclerosis or atherosclerotic associated disease. Also provided are methods to identify a person having risk for atherosclerosis and associated diseases by determining the presence of specific bacterial groups or species and also metabolic functions in the person's gut microbiota and to use such information to develop a prevention or treatment strategy.

A method of analyzing the likelihood of weight regain in a subject who has reached a target weight by practicing a weight loss program is disclosed. The method comprises determining an amount or presence of at least one microbe and / or product thereof in the gut microbiome of the subject, wherein the amount of the at least one microbe is altered during a prior weight gain period of the subject to reach a level representative of an obese subject and further wherein the amount of the at least one microbe is retained at the level following the weight loss program, wherein the amount or presence of the at least one microbe or product thereof is predictive of weight regain.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing liver cancer in an individual diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species, and administering fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. In certain embodiments, monoacylglycerolacyltransferase-3 (MGAT3) synthesis is inhibited to lower triacylglycerol (TAG) production, while in others, expression of diacylglycerolacyltransferase-2 (DGAT-2) is inhibited. The beneficial bacteria are preferably modified to produce increased amounts of butyrate and may also be encapsulated in a frangible enclosure. Levels of Roseburia are preferably increased while the levels of Akkermansia spp. in the individual's gut microbiome are reduced. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial formulation comprising Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is administered, or a composition comprising modified L. reuteri bacteria having the ability to survive conditions in the duodenum or jejunum of the individual's small intestine. Other embodiments include the administration of a bacterial formulation comprising at least one of Coprococcus, Veillonella, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella.

The present invention relates to agents and compositions for the modification of the growth of bacterial cells. Thus, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the prevention and / or treatment of a disease in a subject. In particular, the present invention relates to the field of repurposing pharmaceutical compounds for treatment strategies of infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory diseases, proliferative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and immunological diseases. Some of the compounds of the present invention demonstrate high specificity in inhibiting the growth of single bacterial species. Such compounds enable narrow-spectrum antibacterial therapies, constituting a major effort of current and future drug development strategies in order to reduce side effects of antibacterial treatment plans. Particularly interesting compounds of this invention are effective against pathobiological species such as Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfingens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and an enterotoxigenic strain of Bacteroides fragilis. Other compounds of the present invention reveal a strong inhibitory effect on a broad spectrum of bacterial species. Such compounds are useful for broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies of infections with unknown causative infecting bacterial species. Both types of compounds, especially the ones with narrow-spectrum antibacterialactivity, can further be used for modulating the microbiome composition and targeting species associated with dysbiosis and disease.

A method comprising analyzing multiple component data between or among categories of individuals to develop therapeutic lead compounds through analysis of biochemical networks linking the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, gut microbiome and environmental factors.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing oligosaccharides which can be used among others as food additives to reduce calorie content, to sweeten food products, to increase the fiber content of food products, to improve the texture of food products and to stimulate the gut microbiome bacteria. Furthermore they can be applied in the fields of animal feed, or other applications. More particularly, this invention is directed to a high temperature hydrolysis of xyloglucan polysaccharide to defined xyloglucan oligosaccharides. The invention further relates to oligosaccharide hydrolysates produced with the method of the invention and to the use of said oligosaccharide hydrolysates in human and / or animal nutrition, as prebiotic or other uses. Further provided are novel endoglucanases for use in the method of the invention as well as in other applications.

A person's intestinal (gut), oral or skin microbiota is modified using specific combinations of pre-biotics, pro-biotics and / or anti-biotics to establish a defined microbiota that can treat and / or reduce the likelihood that individuals will experience various diseases, including cancer. The employment of various bacteria, whether in particular combinations or after being modified using CRISPR-type systems, leads to improved outcomes when checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat various forms of cancer. One embodiment is directed to a method for reducing the likelihood of developing cancer by providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species. The level of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and / or Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria are increased in the individual's gut microbiome such that when an individual is administered an immune checkpoint inhibitor, its function is enhanced due to the presence of the bacterial population.

A person's intestinal (gut), oral or skin microbiota is modified using specific combinations of pre-biotics, pro-biotics and / or anti-biotics to establish a defined microbiota that can treat and / or reduce the likelihood that individuals will experience various diseases, including cancer. The employment of various bacteria, whether in particular combinations or after being modified using CRISPR-type systems, leads to improved outcomes when checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat various forms of cancer. One embodiment is directed to a method for reducing the likelihood of developing cancer by providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus species. The level of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and / or Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria are increased in the individual's gut microbiome such that when an individual is administered an immune checkpoint inhibitor, its function is enhanced due to the presence of the bacterial population.

The present invention relates to a relationship between microbial metagenomic structure and function and clinical remission with anti-integrin therapy induction; longitudinal trajectory of changes in the microbiome with maintenance treatment; and a comprehensive predictive model incorporating clinical and microbiome-related data to accurately classify treatment response.

A method for reducing the likelihood of developing depression in an individual involves providing in the gut of an individual a population of beneficial bacteria selected from the group consisting of bacterial species able to make small chain fatty acids, and preferably butyrate, and administering fiber to the individual to maintain a therapeutically effective amount of the beneficial bacteria in the gut of the individual. The individual's gut microbiome is modified to reduce the number of undesired bacteria and to increase the number of beneficial bacteria. Bacteria are preferably modified to remove one or more virulence facts or alternatively to produce increased amounts of SCFA's, such as butyrate. Beneficial bacteria may be encapsulated in a frangible enclosure to ensure they arrive in an individual's body while still viable, e.g. such as being first released in the lower gut rather than being exposed to the harsh conditions of an individual's stomach. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial formulation comprising Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is administered. Other embodiments include the administration of a bacterial formulation comprising at least one of Coprococcus, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and L. casei to treat depression.

This special gut microbe and chemical substance sampling technology, utilizing swallowable capsules, is for purpose of determining roles gut contents play in some 52 of most costly, in lives and dollars, of diseases with their known origin in the human gut. Gut microbes and substances are collected, analyzed, medicinal substances and objects deployed, and special provisions for attracting, capturing and preserving certain strains of microbes, and means for perturbing the gut environment and immune system are all intended to research, discover, and ultimately find both the causes and cures for the most devastating human diseases, and in the process, create gut microbiome profiles.