The invention discloses a position-variable under-actuated robot hand device, which belongs to the technical field of anthropomorphic robots. The device has five independent control fingers and 15 joint degrees of freedom and is driven by 10 motors, wherein the middle finger, the third finger, the litter finger and the forefinger have the same structure and adopt double motor-driven three-joint rotation, and the thumb is capable of swinging laterally and adopts double motor-driven three-joint rotation. The structures of the fingers are similar and realize the initial configuration-changing self-adaptive grabbing functions of the fingers by using the motors, a transmission mechanism, a flexible piece and a spring piece, namely, the finger bends the middle joint before grabbing to assume a desirable preparation gesture to adapt to the size of an object automatically during grabbing. Through the adjustment of the initial configurations of the fingers, the grabbing stability is improved greatly. The device is compact in structure, high in integration level, similar to human hand in appearance, dimension, shape and motion, capable of stably grabbing and automatically adapting to objects with different shapes and dimensions, and applicable to the anthropomorphic robots.