Belonging to the technical field of anthropomorphic robots, a variable holding power underactuated modularized anthropomorphic robot multi-finger hand device with belt wheels mainly comprises a thumb, a index finger, a middle finger, a ring finger, a little finger and a palm; the structures of the middle finger, the ring finger, the little finger and the index finger are the same, and each finger applies a motor to drive three joints to rotate; the palm applies a motor to drive the root of the thumb to sway sidewise and rotate, and the thumb applies a motor to drive two joints to rotate. The device has five independently controlled fingers, fifteen joint freedom degrees, six driving joints and nine underactuated joints; each underactuated joint applies the same modularized structure, the motors and the transmission mechanisms are hidden into the hand, the structure is simple, the weight is light, control is easy, and the degree of integration is high; the appearance, size and motion of the whole device imitate a human hand, and the device, which is suitably used on an anthropomorphic robot, can automatically grasp objects with different shapes and sizes and can change the holding power to grasp objects.