66 results about "Energy crop" patented technology

The present invention is directed to improved systems and methods for reducing costs and increasing yields of cellulosic ethanol. In particular, the present invention provides plants genetically transformed for increased biomass, expression of lignocellulolytic enzymes, and simplification of harvesting and downstream processing. Also provided are methods for using these transgenic plants in the production of clean, marketable feedstocks for production of renewable fuels and chemicals and in other applications including phytoremediation.

The invention discloses a heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner and a plant and chemistry combined remediation method. The heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner is a mixture of red mud and slaked lime. In the invention, the plant and chemistry combined remediation method is used, the pH of the soil is regulated by a chemical method, and heavy metals in the soil are absorbed by planting energy crops, hyperaccumulative plants and the like, thereby improving the soil properties, gradually reducing the content of heavy metals in the soil, finally achieving the purpose of soil remediation, improving the plant remediation efficiency, and being favorable to large-scale commercial application.

The invention discloses a drought-resistant energy crop seed pelleting agent, a preparation method and a using method thereof. The seed pelleting agent comprises the following components: straw powder or overrotten organic matter, a plant growth regulating substance, a water absorbent resin, a filler, an adhesive, an insecticide, a bactericide, urea and monopotassium phosphate. The method for seed pelleting comprises the following steps of: 1) spraying an adhesive water solution on the surfaces of drought-resistant energy seeds evenly; 2) mixing the drought-resistant energy seeds of which the surfaces are the adhesive water solution and a pelleting agent for coating; and 3) repeating the step 1) and the step 2) until the diameters of the seeds meet the requirement. The invention breaks the traditional idea that the pelleting agent absorbs water in soil of a plough layer, establishes a theory of absorbing water before the sowing and sowing after the germination acceleration, and realizes the aim that the pelleting agent can absorb the water before the sowing after the coating, does not disperse after the water absorption, has good expansibility, ensures that the seeds germinate in the palleting agent and can adopt mechanized sowing by adding crop straw powder or the overrotten organic matter which is rich in water absorption expansibility into the components of the pelleting agent.

A method and system for hydrogen production in which a feedstock of at least one biodegradable solid is introduced into a first stage anaerobic bioreactor and a liquid effluent formed. The liquid effluent is transferred into a second stage anaerobic bioreactor having a plurality of hollow semipermeable fibers having an outer surface coated with a biofilm formed by at least one hydrogenogenic bacteria, which forms hydrogen gas within the lumen of the hollow semipermeable fibers. The hydrogen thus produced is removed from the lumen of the hollow semipermeable fibers.

A process is provided using non-food or limited-feed agricultural residue and energy crops for energy production, such as ethanol or electricity generation. The agricultural plant material is harvested and baled. The bales are transported to the processing site for storage or immediate processing. The bale strings are first removed, and then the broken bales are shredded. The shredded plant material is then ground to a small size. The ground material is then pelletized to produce densified pellets of the agricultural plant material. The pellets are cooled and then stored or transported to an end user.

The present invention concerns an anaerobic digestion of animal manures, energy crops and similar organic substrates. The process is capable of refining nutrients comprised in the digested biomass to fertilizers of commercial quality. The invention also provides a method for oprocessing animal carcasses or fractions thereof including meat and bone meal etc., with the objective of providing an alternative means for processing the organic waste material of animal origin while at the same time facilitating the production of fertilizers. The risk of spreading BSE prions or any other prions to animals or humans is thus substantially reduced if not eliminated. The biogas and slurry separation system according to the present invention is preferably integrated with the operations of animal husbandries into a total concept in which the internal and external performances of animal husbandries are optimised. The internal performances concern quality aspects related to the management of the animal houses and include industrial hygiene, animal welfare, gaseous and dust emissions and food safety. The external performances concern mainly energy production and emissions to the environment of nutrients and greenhouse gases and the sale of high quality food product.

The invention provides a multilevel-control free-polyradical biomass-gasification energy regeneration system, which can transform extensive biomass and carbon-containing raw materials, including energy crops, agriculture-forestry byproducts, organic waste, industrial and dangerous waste and the like, into high-grade energy. The system is designed for continuous operation. Gasification comprises the following steps of performing pretreatment, performing pyrolysis, transforming carbon, fusing ash, cracking tar, reforming syngas and utilizing waste heat, wherein the steps are precisely controlled one by one and integrated so as to achieve optimum; moisture from the pretreatment of the materials is led into a carbon-transforming unit so as to realize oxygen-free pyrolysis; gasification gas is in contact with a large number of free polyradicals in a free-polyradical reaction-accelerating unit; and the obtained product is purified and then enters downstream application, such as power generation, hydrogen production and biomass methanol / ethanol production. The system has the advantages of needing no auxiliary fuel, maximizing gasification efficiency and thoroughly cracking tar and clearing pollutants, and is an upstream technique for the application of biomass renewable energy. As energy utilization meets all strict environmental protection standards, the system is also an energy-saving environment-friendly technique for non-incineration harmless treatment.

A process for converting lignocellulosic materials which are field residues such as cotton stalks and corn stover, process residues such as sugarcane bagasse and sweet sorghum bagasse, woody parts of energy crops such as switchgrass and miscanthus, forest residues or byproducts of the wood processing industries such as sawdust from sawmills to a liquid biofuel by a series of processing steps wherein the feed materials are hydrolysed in three stages and withdrawn as three product streams each consisting of solubilized fragments of one of the three major components of the feed materials and a set of concurrently operating processing steps wherein each of the three product streams is transformed through chemical or biochemical processes into products, such as pure lignin and ethanol, that have a high calorific value and process wherein these products with high calorific value are combined to form a liquid biofuel.

The present invention concerns an anaerobic digestion of animal manures, energy crops and similar organic substrates. The process is capable of refining nutrients comprised in the digested biomass to fertilizers of commercial quality. The invention also provides a method for processing animal carcasses or fractions thereof including meat and bone meal etc., with the objective of providing an alternative means for processing the organic waste material of animal origin while at the same time facilitating the production of fertilizers. The risk of spreading BSE prions or any other prions to animals or humans is thus substantially reduced if not eliminated. The biogas and slurry separation system according to the present ivnention is preferably integrated with the operations of animal husbandries into a total concept in which the internal and external performances of animal husbandries are optimised. The internal performances concern quality aspects related to the management of the animalhouses and include industrial hygiene, animal welfare, gaseous and dust emissions and food safety. The external performances concern mainly energy production and emissions to the environment of nutrients and greenhouse gases and the sale of high quality food product.

The invention relates to a tissue culture propagating method of Manihot esculenta Crantz. As one of the global three-top tuber crops and the number one alimentarn crop in Africa, the Manihot esculenta Crantz is currently ranked as a vital biological energy crop in our country. Stem section vegetative cottage is commonly adopted for propagation, and the low propagation rate thereof is a restrictive factor for popularizing the new variety and shortening the breeding period. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: the Manihot esculenta Crantz stem section with stem apexes or lateral buds is taken as an explant, and the Manihot esculenta Crantz tissue culture plantlets are quickly obtained in virtue of the micro-propagation method; young leaves, stem apexes and axillary buds of the sterile plantlets obtained from micro-propagation are taken as explants, somatic embryo generation and plant regeneration are induced, thus the Manihot esculenta Crantz somatic cell regeneration system is established. By adopting the method, the Manihot esculenta Crantz has the advantages of high propagation rate, no genotype dependence, and the like; the method has high value on the quick propagation and large-scale production of the Manihot esculenta Crantz improved variety in a short term, and establishes a technical basis for the Manihot esculenta Crantz transgene and other breeding.

The invention relates to a method for restoring heavy metal polluted soil with an energy crop castor and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoring of a polluted environment. According to the method, the castor is planted in the heavy metal polluted soil, can grow normally and does not represent any toxicity phenomena; the heavy metal concentration of an above-ground part is higher than that of a root; and the castor represents extremely high transfer ability. According to the method, the plant is used for restoring the heavy metal polluted soil, heavy metal pollutants such as Cd, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Pb in the soil can be removed via a plant extraction process, and the method has a certain economic value at the same time.

The invention discloses the method and equipment of the amylum and alcohol wastewater comprehensive utilization. The method is that: the wastewater with high concentration flowing out from an ethanol distillation tower or an amylum pool first passes through an up-flow reactor to interact with the anaerobe in the reactor; the sediment settles in the reactor and is sent to marsh gas tank for fermentation or works as the maggot feed; the clear liquid enters the counterimpact jet gas mixing device and then enters an oxidation pond after absorbing the CO2 collecting from an alcohol fermentor; the aquatic energy crops with high yield are planted in the oxidation pond and can work as feed after harvest; the clear water can work as the production cooling water or is used for cleaning the equipments; the waste rootstalk after the aquatic energy crops are harvest, the animal wastes in the feeding farm and the residua are sent to the marsh gas tank for fermentation together; the marsh gas is used for the firing boiler to produce steam or is directly led in the direct-fired gas generator. The invention can treat the crude amylum with high concentration and difficulties, alcohol wastewater and wastes to be used at present, thereby can reach the demand of the power supply of the basical production and life.

The invention discloses a method for intercropping peanuts and cassava in hilly red soil dry land. The planting mode is characterized in that the safe spatial distance between the cassava and the peanut is at least 40cm; the safe spatial distance between peanuts is at least 40cm; the safe spatial distance between the cassava is at least 400cm; the ratio of the peanut to the cassava is (8.5-9.5):1; soil preparation is performed from December to the January of the next year; the soil is ploughed to great depth for winter; the peanut and the cassava are sowed at the same time; the adaptive phaseis 8-16th, August; and the peanut is subjected to hole sowing; and the cassava is sowed in a manner of inclining 43-47 degrees relative to the ground. The production and income increasing effects areobvious; the yields of intercropped peanuts and pure peanuts have no obvious difference; the yield of the cassava is 1 ton per unit area; the production value is increased by 20.3%; the coordinative development of an energy crop and an oil crop is realized; the light energy utilization of the hilly red soil dry land is obviously improved; and the auxiliary energy conversion efficiency can be improved by 69.42% compared with that of the pure peanut culturing. The method provided by the invention is suitable for the hilly red soil dry land in tropical and subtropical regions.

The present invention is directed to a process for forming biomass pellets using biomass feedstock having predetermined characteristics to form biomass pellets having desired characteristics. The process can utilize feedstock derived from a variety of biomass feedstock sources, including wood, agricultural crops, energy crops and weeds, alone or in combination.

A process is provided using non-food or limited-feed agricultural residue and energy crops for energy production, such as ethanol or electricity generation. The agricultural plant material is harvested and baled. The bales are transported to the processing site for storage or immediate processing. The bale strings are first removed, and then the broken bales are shredded. The shredded plant material is then ground to a small size. The ground material is then pelletized to produce densified pellets of the agricultural plant material. The pellets are cooled and then stored or transported to an end user.

The invention provides a saline land plantation miscanthus method; the method uses seedling breeding to realize energy crop large scale production, thus greatly improving survival rate and rate of output, and providing high practicality and popularization property; the method comprises the following steps: saline land soil detection formula seedling growing; high furrow seedbed seedling growing; soil working and organic fertilizer applying before transplanting; irrigation salt restraining and laminating transplanting technical processing. The beneficial effects are that the method is reasonable and practical, saves time and labor, can realize energy crop large scale production, thus greatly improving survival rate, enterprise production efficiency and economic benefit, so the method is suitable for general popularization.

The invention provides an endophyte for promoting the growth of plants and the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and application thereof. Bacterial liquid of endophyte SLS18 is utilized to dip-dye Sorghum bicolor L. in a mode of seed bacteria dipping to colonize the endophyte SLS18 into the Sorghum bicolor L. to accompany each stage of the growth of the Sorghum bicolor L., so that the growth of the Sorghum bicolor L. on heavy metal-contaminated marginal land and the remediation of soil are promoted. The endophyte SLS18 is separated from the stem of a hyperaccumulator, namely pokeberry root, is obtained through screening, and is an endophyte which can be successfully colonized in the Sorghum bicolor L., has a remarkable effect of promoting the growth of the Sorghum bicolor L. and has the heavy metal resistance. A method is easy to operate, and is safe and economic, no new pollution is introduced into soil environment, heavy metal-contaminated marginal land resources can be effectively utilized so as to avoid the rival of energy crops and food crops against finite cultivated land, and heavy metal-contaminated land can also be effectively remediated.

The invention relates to a device for the hydrolysis of preferably solid organic substrates, in particular of energy crops and plant residues, with a collection vessel (1) for receiving the organic substrates, with a conveying means (4) for transporting the organic substrates into a charging device (7) for the batch-wise charging of a hydrolyzer (10) with the organic substrates, the hydrolyzer (10) being provided on the output with a pressure-release device (12) having a valve-controlled pressure diaphragm (13) and a steam trap (14) arranged upstream of an expander tank (15). According to the invention, the conveying means (4) includes a conveyor worm (4′) with a sleeve shaft (25), which is charged with hot steam from the steam trap (14), which is preferably designed as a cyclone, the sleeve shaft (25), in the conveying zone for the organic substrate, having, in a heating zone (18), steam-outlet openings (26) for directly charging the organic substrate with hot steam.

The invention relates to a sweet-sorghum field planting method for remedying Cd, Pb and Cr compound contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out seed selection; (2) carrying out land preparation; (3) carrying out sowing; (4) carrying out field management; and (5) carrying out harvesting and processing. After a ripening stage, whole sweet sorghum plants are dug out together with roots, and through the heavy-metal absorbing, enriching and transferring capability of sweet sorghum in a natural growth process, excessive heavy metals are removed from soil. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the cost is low, the operation is simple, physicochemical properties of the soil are not damaged, no secondary pollution is caused, the biological yield is high, and the sweet sorghum has both tolerance and enriching capability to ternary heavy metals. Heavy-metal contaminated arid-semiarid boundary land resources can be effectively utilized, so that the competition to limited arable land between energy crops and grain crops is avoided, and compound heavy-metal contaminated soil can be effectively remedied.

The present invention concerns an anaerobic digestion of animal manures, energy crops and similar organic substrates. The process is capable of refining nutrients comprised in the digested biomass to fertilizers of commercial quality. The invention also provides a method for processing animal carcasses or fractions thereof including meat and bone meal etc., with the objective of providing an alternative means for processing the organic waste material of animal origin while at the same time facilitating the production of fertilizers. The risk of spreading BSE prions or any other prions to animals or humans is thus substantially reduced if not eliminated. The biogas and slurry separation system according to the present invention is preferably integrated with the operations of animal husbandries into a total concept in which the internal and external performances of animal husbandries are optimized. The internal performances concern quality aspects related to the management of the animal houses and include industrial hygiene, animal welfare, gaseous and dust emissions and food safety. The external performances concern mainly energy production and emissions to the environment of nutrients and greenhouse gases and the sale of high quality food product.

The invention discloses a quantum-resonance high-frequency energy crop seed treating device and method, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The quantum-resonance high-frequency energycrop seed treating device comprises a main machine, wherein a high voltage pack, a potential device and a ground electrode are arranged in the main machine, a high voltage pack emitting end is fixedly connected with the high voltage pack, the high voltage pack emitting end penetrates the main machine, and is located on the outer side of the main machine, a controller is fixedly connected with theside, away from the high voltage pack emitting end, of the main machine, and the controller is electrically connected with the high voltage pack and the potential device separately. The quantum-resonance high-frequency energy crop seed treating device is simple in structure and mediate in cost, a space environment can be imitated to form a certain filed domain in a ground closed chamber, interference of bombardment of multiple kinds of electromagnetic waves and particle flows, quantum fluctuation and the like can be conducted on crop seeds, seed gene mutation can be induced to obtain a resultof crop coherent positive development, the germination rate of the crop seeds can be effectively improved, roots are numerous, crops are draught-resistant and disease-resistant, and ripen in advance,and the yield is improved.

The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of biomass and particularly provides application of a plant secondary metabolite in anaerobic fermentation of biomass. By adding plant secondary metabolite into anaerobic fermentation raw materials of the biomass, microbial activities are promoted, so that the content of methane produced through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass is increased. The invention is mainly applied to the field of producing methane through the anaerobic fermentation of biomass such as forestry and agricultural waste such as straws, energy crops such as Chinese silvergrass, animal waste, kitchen waste or other solid waste; by adding a small amount of the plant secondary metabolite into an anaerobic fermentation system, the starting of the anaerobic fermentation can be promoted, and the yield of methane can be increased.

The invention discloses a microbial inoculum for producing cellulase and hemicellulase by a natural lignocellulose material. The microbial inoculum for producing the cellulase and the hemicellulase comprises the following active ingredients: Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Alcaligenes faecalis, Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium poae. In the invention, microbes in the microbial inoculum for producing the cellulase and the hemicellulase have a strong synergistic effect so that a stable ecological system can be formed in an autologous mode. The microbial inoculum is especially developed for an energy crop-Panicum virgatum but is not limited to production of the cellulase and the hemicellulase by use of the Panicum virgatum, and meanwhile the inoculum can be also used for producing the cellulase and the hemicellulase by waste crop straw.

The invention relates to a fermentation process for biologic mass, in particular to a process for making fuel alcohol by the solid fermented sweet kaoliang stem residues through a enzyme hydrolysis method. Cellulose enzyme of high activity is dissolved by culturing the raw materials. The semi cellulose hydrolysis is combined with the enzyme hydrolysis. The pentose and hexose are fermented together to improve the yield of alcohol. Except for a method of synthesizing, starch, natural sugar fluid and fiber are the three raw materials for producing alcohol. And the sweet kaoliang is a hi-energy crop integrating these three raw materials. The invention is the extension of prior process for making fuel alcohol by the solid fermented sweet kaoliang stem sugar juice, explores a way for making fuel alcohol by sweet kaoliang cellulose with reduced cost and environmental pollution.

The invention provides an Ionic rare earth tailing treatment method based on biogas engineering, which is characterized in that biogas residues and biogas slurry generated by the biogas engineering are used as fertilizers after being pretreated, energy crops are planted in the rare earth tailings, and the soil of the rare earth tailings is transformed by an ecological restoration technology. In addition, by means of the technical mode, self-circulation survival of the biogas station-rare earth tailing ecological domain is achieved, and huge economic benefits are created. Meanwhile, the rare earth tailings are connected with reprocessing and reutilization of energy crops, and other marginal benefits under treatment based on the technical mode are achieved.

The present invention generally relates to processes for production of monosaccharides and ethanol from energy crops. In some aspects, the present invention relates to improvements in ethanol production from energy crops including fractionating liquefied mash to generate a fraction enriched in complex polysaccharides such as cellulose, conversion of the cellulosic components to monosaccharides, and preparation of ethanol therefrom.

The invention relates to the biomass energy field, and especially relates to a Miscanthus spp. plant energy potential evaluating method comprising the following steps: selecting property indexes, and measuring Miscanthus spp. Plant property index data; obtaining property index scores; obtaining the energy potential index according to the property index scores. The research method can systematically breed the Miscanthus spp. energy plant; the method uses simple and direct agronomic, quality and stress resistance differences to build the Miscanthus spp. plant energy potential evaluating system; the system method is simple in operation, can only test the plants so as to fast determine germplasm energy potential and best utilization approach, thus laying basis for Miscanthus spp. energy plant breeding and large scale Miscanthus spp. plant germplasm energy potential evaluation work.