The invention discloses an optimal coverage method based on multiobjective evolutionary algorithms in
wireless sensor networks. The method comprises the following steps: firstly creating a
mathematical model and a target function of the
wireless sensor networks, randomly generating a
population and employing the multiobjective evolutionary algorithms based on nondominated sorting and dimension bothway search, wherein a main process of the multiobjective evolutionary algorithms is as follows: maintaining one
population whose size is N, and guiding the algorithms to approach a
Pareto optimal front via continuous iterations. In each
iteration process, firstly giving one
population Pt, and introducing a bothway directional local search strategy based on an improved differential operation to generate the better population Pt'; and then, sorting the merged population PtUPt' by employing a fast nondominated
sorting algorithm and generating a partially ordered boundary, and introducing a new distribution degree
maintenance strategy to combine with the fast nondominated
sorting algorithm so as to select the
new population to enter next evolution. And therefore, a population scheme which enables the total operating power of all nodes of the
wireless sensor networks to be small and simultaneously guarantees a coverage rate to be maximized is obtained.