37 results about "Air water interface" patented technology

An apparatus for enabling acousto-optic communication comprising an in-water platform comprising means for emitting an acoustic signal to an acousto-optic interaction zone, an in-air platform comprising the ability for transmitting a first optical interrogation beam, the ability for receiving a portion of the first interrogation beam and a second laser beam formed from the reflection of the first interrogation beam off of the acousto-optic interaction zone, the ability for measuring and outputting a plurality of optical interferences between the portion of the first interrogation beam and the second reflected beam, and a signal converter receiving as input the plurality of optical interferences and outputting an electrical signal representing the received acoustic telemetry signal at the interrogation point at the air-water interface.

Superhydrophobic surfaces according to the invention contain micro or nanoscale hydrophobic features which can support a shear-free air-water interface between peaks in the surface topology. The surface of an engineered structure is patterned with a plurality of parallel ridges extending from the surface. The ridges have a width d and a height h, and are spaced apart by a first spacing dimension w. The ridges extend along the surface of the solid object for a predefined length l. Breaker ridges are situated between the parallel ridges, and are oriented at an angle to the parallel ridges. The breaker ridges are preferably spaced apart by a second spacing dimension. The breaker ridges and the parallel ridges are configured to define a volume wherein a gas may be situated. The engineered structure is configured to provide a reduced drag force between itself and a fluid.

Disclosed is a method for testing the cavity mechanical completeness integrity of the salt cavity air library. The method comprises steps of: laying down a suite of pressure testing pipe column, employing nitrogen or air as pressure testing media to test pressure in the salt cavity; measuring the variation value of the air-water interface depth during testing time, obtaining the readings of each well head meters in the testing time via ground detecting meter, and calculating the variation trend of the cavity leakage rate versus time; combining the variation of cavity air-water interface depth and the variation trend of the air leakage rate versus time to evaluate the cavity's mechanical completeness integrity.

There is provided an aerated food product in the form of a stable foam, comprising 5-80 vol. % gas bubbles, 15-90 wt. % water and 0.01 to 10 wt. % fibres, assembled with surface-active particles at the air-water interface due to attractive interaction between the surface-active particles and the fibres. Also provided is a process for preparing said foam.

Computing device, computer instructions and method for processing energy at a free-surface reflection relating to an air-water interface. The method includes receiving input seismic data recorded with seismic sensors; receiving wave-height data that describes an actual shape of a top surface of a body of water; processing up-going energy at a receiver and down-going energy following a reflection at the sea-surface, using the input seismic data and a linear operator modified to take into account the wave-height data; and generating an image of the subsurface based on the up-going energy or the down-going energy or a combination of the input seismic data and one of the up-going or down-going energy.

The invention discloses a uniform, compact and transparent layered double metal hydroxide film and the preparing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of layered double metal hydroxides. The general chemical formula of the film layer LDHs is [M<2+>1-xM<3+>x (OH) 2]<X+> (A<N->) x / n*mH2O, wherein, M<2+> represents any one of Mg<2+>, Ni<2+> and Zn <2+>; M<3+> represents either one of Al<3+> and Fe<3+>; A<N-> is any one of NO3<->, Cl<-> and SO4<2->; x is larger than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.4; m is larger than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2. The preparing method needs not a base piece for support, and refers to gas-liquid interface method to prepare the uniform, compact and transparent LDHs film on an air-water interface under the joint effect of surface tension of the solution and pH gradients. The invention has the advantage that the film is formed on a gas-liquid interface without the need of a base piece for support, thereby overcoming influence of the base piece on preparation of the LDHs film; the reaction occurs at normal temperature and has lower energy consumption; the equipment is simple and easy to operate.

The invention relates to a preparation method for an interface self-assembly sulfonation graphene film, in particular to good dispersing solvent which can help graphene to assemble by self. The graphene is introduced into an assembling interface so as to design a novel oil-water interface self-assembly method. The advantage of simple requirement of the traditional oil-water interface self-assembly system equipment is combined with the advantage of few requirements on the assembling material by an air-water interface self-assembly system to assemble the graphene film. According to the preparation method, dispersed sulfonation graphene solution is injected into an established oil-water interface water phase, sulfonation graphene is subjected to self-assembling in the oil-water interface, a target substrate is vertically dipped into solution and is then vertically lifted after an oil phase is removed, the sulfonation graphene film is transferred to the target substrate, and the preparation method aims to be used for a transparent conductive film and a film supercapacitor.

The invention discloses a stannic oxide hollow porous film gas sensitive element and a preparation method thereof. The gas sensitive element is characterized by covering a thin film formed by a single-layer stannic oxide hollow sphere on a substrate accompanied by an electrode, wherein the thickness of the thin film is 90 to 130nm, the diameter of the hollow sphere is 90 to 130nm, the wall thickness is 15 to 25nm, the diameter of each particle forming a sphere wall is 15 to 25nm, and the pore space between each two particles is 2 to 4nm. The method comprises the steps of adding stannic chloride pentahydrate into an ethanol water, stirring, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a mixed liquor, carrying out sealed reaction on the mixed liquor, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mixed liquor, and washing to obtain a stannic oxide hollow sphere; adding a mercapto-type modifier into a stannic oxide hollow sphere ethyl alcohol dispersion liquid, stirring, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and washing to obtain mercapto-modified stannic oxide hollow sphere; adopting an air-water interface self-assembly method for self-assembling the mercapto-modified stannic oxide hollow sphere on a water surface so as to obtain a single-layer stannic oxide hollow sphere thin film, using the substrate accompanied by the electrode for fishing out, and drying to obtain a target product. The stannic oxide hollow porous film gas sensitive element is easy to be widely used in high sensitivity trace detection of methyl mercaptan gas.

The present invention relates to a method for detection of air-water interface flux of organic contaminants, which passively and continuously collects contaminants at consecutive points close to a sea surface microlayer, acquires the freely dissolved concentration at the consecutive points of the air and water body close to a water body surface microlayer, and obtains the air-water interface flux of the contaminants through fitting a self-developed model, wherein the consecutive points include a plurality of sampling points along a height direction and a plurality of sampling points along a depth direction. The present invention sufficiently considers the influences of the water body surface microlayer on air-water body exchange, collects the contaminants at the consecutive points close to the sea surface microlayer through a passive sampling method, acquires the freely dissolved concentration at the consecutive points of the air and water body close to a water body surface microlayer, and obtains the air-water interface flux of the related contaminants. The present invention can be applied to determine the air-water body interface flux of organic contaminants.

The disclosure is directed at a large-area monolayer of solvent dispersed nanomaterials and method of producing same. The method of the disclosure includes dripping a nanomaterial solvent into a container filled with water whereby the nanomaterial being dripped collects at the air-water interface to produce the large-area monolayer. In one embodiment, different nanomaterial solvents can be dripped, at predetermined intervals such that the resulting large-area monolayer includes at least two different nanomaterials.

The embodiment of the invention provides a transformation method for an irregular salt cavern. The method comprises the steps that compressed air is injected into the irregular salt cavern via a casing; fresh water is injected to the bottom of the irregular salt cavern via a center pipe; the pressure of the compressed air is adjusted, and thus hydraulic balance between the pressure of the compressed air and the pressure of the fresh water can be achieved, and an air-water interface is formed, wherein the air-water interface prevents the fresh water from flowing to the upper part of the salt cavern with the air-water interface and dissolves salt rocks on the lateral side of the upper part of the salt cavern with the air-water interface; and the fresh water dissolves salt rocks of the irregular salt cavern located on the lateral face of the lower part of the air-water interface, thus the radius of the irregular salt cavern on the lateral face of the lower part of the air-water interface can be increased, and the transformed salt cavern can be obtained when the expanded irregular salt cavern reaches a preset scope. The method has the advantages that the high cost generated by use of an oil cushion can be reduced; the method can be easily implemented from the technological level; and finally the irregular salt cavern can be transformed into an oil-gas storage cavern with high values.

The present application provides a linear mechanism for optical-to-acoustic energy conversion for optoacoustic communication from an in-air platform to an undersea vehicle. Signals used in underwater acoustic telemetry applications are capable of being generated through the linear optoacoustic regime conversion process. A number of issues concerning linear optoacoustic communication is addressed that lead to a formulation of a linear regime optoacoustic communication scheme. The use of oblique laser bean incidence at an air-water interface to obtain considerable in-air range from the laser source to the vehicle is also addressed. The effect of oblique incidence on in-water range is addressed as well. Optimum and sub-optimum linear optoacoustic sound-generation techniques for selecting the optical wavelength and signal frequency for optimizing in-water range are identified. Optoacoustic techniques employing M-ary frequency shift keying and multifrequency shift keying are compared with communication parameters such as bandwidth, data rate, range coverage and number of lasers employed.

Computing device, computer instructions and method for correcting an image, of a surveyed surface, due to a free-surface reflection. The method includes calculating a free surface reflection operator for a seismic source displaced in water based on a position of the source, and an air-water interface datum; receiving recorded seismic data d recorded with seismic sensors (r), wherein the recorded seismic data is associated with a pressure and / or a particle motion produced by a seismic wave in earth; correcting the recorded seismic data d based on the free surface reflection operator to obtain transformed seismic data; and generating an image of the surveyed subsurface, based on the transformed seismic data, wherein the image is indicative of various layers of the earth. The free surface reflection operator varies while a source signal is being emitted by the source.

The invention discloses a mini winch for storing and placing a detecting instrument on the air water interface. A roller assembly is installed in the middle of a rack, the upper portion of the rack isprovided with a rope press assembly, and a driving element is placed on one end of the roller assembly and drives the roller assembly to rotate. The other end of the roller assembly transmits power to a rope arrangement mechanism, a cutting structure is arranged below the rope arrangement mechanism and installed on the bottom of the rack, and an operation system is installed in an electric appliance and communication element mounting box of the top of the rack. The mini remote-control winch is designed to adapt to unmanned surface vehicles and can conveniently and effectively carry, store andplace the detecting instrument. The basic operation of storing and placing the instrument by the unmanned surface vehicles is achieved, the work range of the unmanned surface vehicles can be enlarged, the work capacity of the unmanned surface vehicles is improved, the advantages of the unmanned surface vehicles are achieved, and the operation inconveniently implemented by workers is achieved.

A system mechanically alters the geometry of the surface of the water by breaking the water surface with a mechanical device. The mechanical device may comprise a plurality of propellers, a plurality of aquafoils in the shape of plows, a wire whip, or other mechanical device to reduce the coefficient of reflectivity of the air-water interface.

The invention discloses an efficient aerator based on a shallow aeration principle, which comprises a slit-type gas distribution pipe, wherein the bottom end of the slit-type gas distribution pipe iscommunicated with a gas supply pipe, the top end of the slit-type gas distribution pipe is closed, and a plurality of gas distribution slits are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the slit-typegas distribution pipe; the flow guide umbrella-shaped cover comprises a flow guide cover body and a flow guide pipe; the flow guide pipe is communicated with the top of the flow guide cover body; theslit type air distribution pipe is located on the inner side of the bottommost flow guide umbrella-shaped cover; the overflow umbrella-shaped cover comprises at least two layers of overflow umbrella-shaped cover bodies, each overflow umbrella-shaped cover body comprises an overflow cover body; besides the flow guide cover body located on the bottommost layer, the overflow cover bodies are arranged below the other flow guide cover bodies respectively. According to the shallow aeration principle, the design is unique, small bubbles are generated through collision of air in the flow guide umbrella-shaped cover and the overflow umbrella-shaped cover, and the air-water interface is increased; through multiple collisions, small bubbles are forced to be generated and broken for multiple times, and a gas-water interface is rapidly updated, so that the oxygen utilization efficiency is high, and the oxygenation capacity is high.

The invention discloses a method for detecting a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) pesticide based on a gold nanofilm SERS technology, and belongs to the technical field of food monitoring and the like. With the method, firstly gold nanoparticles are produced on a mesoporous silicon dioxide film formed at an air-water interface through in-situ photo induced reduction, a gold nano surface-enhanced Raman substrate with a mesoporous structure is constructed, a Raman signal is enhanced after electrostatic adsorption of the densely arranged gold nanoparticles in the field and 2, 4-D molecules, and a standard curve for 2, 4-D detection is established. With the method, the operation is simple, the detection speed is high, the precision is relatively high, the stability is good, and the 2, 4-D pesticide can be detected in situ.

The invention discloses an online measurement device of gas flux on an air-water interface of a riverway, and relates to the fields of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. A plurality of flux chambers are arranged along a flow direction through a sling and a latch hook according to distribution of gauss integration points so that the measuring speed and accuracy can be improved and the application range of the flux chamber measuring method can be widened, and the flux chambers are connected to a gas analyzer through a ventilation hose and an electromagnetic flux valve one by one, and meanwhile, the ratio of throughput of each flux chamber is distributed according to the weight ratio of the integration points through the electromagnetic flux valve. Therefore, rapid and accurate online measurement of the gas flux on the air-water interface of the riverway can be achieved.

Methods, systems, and / or apparatuses for treating wastewater produced at a thermoelectric power plant, other industrial plants, and / or other industrial sources are disclosed. The wastewater is directed through a wastewater concentrator including a direct contact adiabatic concentration system. A stream of hot feed gases is directed through the wastewater concentrator. The wastewater concentrator mixes the hot feed gases directly with the wastewater and evaporates water vapor from the wastewater. The wastewater concentrator separates the water vapor from remaining concentrated wastewater. A contained air-water interface liquid evaporator may be arranged to pre-process the wastewater before being treated by the wastewater concentrator.

The invention provides a method for online measurement of air flux of an air-water interface of a river, relating to the field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. The method aims at improving the measurement speed and precision and expanding the applicable scope of the flux-chamber-based measurement method, and the method is characterized in that a plurality of flux chambers are distributed along the direction of the stream by virtue of hang ropes and hooks according to the Gaussian integration nodes, the flux chambers are connected with a gas analyzer by a ventilation hose and an electromagnetic flux valve one by one, and the ratio of ventilatory capacity of each flux chamber is distributed by the electromagnetic flux valves according to the ratio of the weights of the local integral points, and as a result, the air flux of the air-water interface of the river can be quickly and accurately measured in an on line manner.

A system mechanically alters the geometry of the surface of the water by breaking the water surface with a mechanical device. The mechanical device may comprise a plurality of propellers, a plurality of aquafoils in the shape of plows, a wire whip, or other mechanical device to reduce the coefficient of reflectivity of the air-water interface.

The invention relates to an air-water interface methane and carbon dioxide on-line monitoring system, which solves the disadvantage that in the prior art, methane concentrations in different systems only can be sampled in a laboratory for detection, and the influence of natural gas hydrate decomposition on circumference environment under different angles can be realized. The on-line monitoring system comprises a water pump, an air-water separator, a drying device and a laser detector; a water pump is arranged in the water containing methane with dissolvability and carbon dioxide, a sealing tank is used for connecting with the water pump and the surficial air-water separator, the gas generated after separation is collected through the drying device, and detection is carried out through the laser detector. The invention also provides an air-water interface methane and carbon dioxide on-line monitoring method.

Computing device, computer instructions and method for correcting an image, of a surveyed surface, due to a free-surface reflection. The method includes calculating a free surface reflection operator for a seismic source displaced in water based on a position of the source, and an air-water interface datum; receiving recorded seismic data d recorded with seismic sensors (r), wherein the recorded seismic data is associated with a pressure and / or a particle motion produced by a seismic wave in earth; correcting the recorded seismic data d based on the free surface reflection operator to obtain transformed seismic data; and generating an image of the surveyed subsurface, based on the transformed seismic data, wherein the image is indicative of various layers of the earth. The free surface reflection operator varies while a source signal is being emitted by the source.

A method of surface patterning by transferring particles interfacially trapped at an air-water interface to a substrate includes the steps of: (a) interfacially trapping a plurality of particles at an air-water interface; (b) providing a substrate having a polymer adhesive thereon, the polymer adhesive having a glass transition temperature that is less than 25° C. and an advancing water contact angle greater than 50; and (c) transferring the particles of step (a) to the substrate of (b) by the Langmuir-Schaefer technique.

The present invention is directed to a method for determining the surface activity properties of an amphiphilic substance, such as a drug, the method including a step wherein the surface tension of an aqueous solution of the said substance is measured at its air-water interface at a plurality of concentrations of said substance and determining the relationship between the surface tension and the concentration of the substance, and using the relationship so determined to predict the surface activity properties of the substance, according to which method, to the aqueous solution, a water soluble substance, which increases the surface tension of the aqueous solution is added in an amount to provide a concentration of 0.3 M up to the saturation concentration of the said substance in said solution.

A navigation device suppressing cavitation and controlling emerging posture is provided which relates to the technical field of underwater launching of submarine-launched missiles; the device comprises a navigation body head part, a navigation body cylinder and tail part control planes; the navigation body cylinder has a thin and long cylinder structure; the navigation body head part is fixedly installed on the top of the navigation body cylinder; the tail part control planes are vertical to the axis direction of the navigation body cylinder and are fixedly installed at the bottom of the navigation body cylinder; the navigation body comprises two tail part control planes which are symmetrically installed at two sides of the navigation body cylinder; the two tail part control planes are positioned at two ends of radial diameter of the navigation body cylinder. The invention provides a hydrodynamic force layout scheme that can avoid impact load due to cross cavitation collapse of air-water interface and can adjust tail elevator angle to control emerging postures.

The invention discloses a self-assembly method for an air-water interface vanadium oxide nano film and relates to a method for preparing a vanadium oxide nano film. The invention solves the technical problems that equipment in a high-frequency magnetron sputtering method is expensive, a film which has a crystal structure cannot be obtained easily in a reactive evaporation method and a vacuum vapor deposition method, a film obtained by a sol-gel method has cracks, and an unsmooth surface in the conventional method for preparing the vanadium oxide film. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing a sodium-naphthylsulfonate aqueous solution to obtain a template; and preparing a precursor solution by using vanadium tetrachloride, hydrochloric acid and deionized water, adding the precursor solution into a clean glass culture dish, adding a template solution, stirring, placing in a constant-temperature climate box, standing to obtain a wet film, and drying and roasting the wet film to obtain the vanadium oxide nano film. The film has a self-assembly ordered structure, and a smooth and uniform surface, is high in crystallization degree and can be applied to the field of lasing safety.