32results about How to "Residual stress" patented technology

A multi-layer piezoelectric element having high durability which allows it to increase the amount of displacement of a piezoelectric actuator under high voltage and high pressure and does not undergo a change in the amount of displacement during continuous operation in a high electric field and under a high pressure over a long time period is provided. The multi-layer piezoelectric element comprises a stack of at least one piezoelectric layer and a plurality of internal electrodes consisting of first and second internal electrodes placed one on another, a first external electrode formed on a first side face of the stack and connected to the first internal electrode and a second external electrode formed on a second side face of the stack and connected to the second internal electrode, wherein the bonding strength between the piezoelectric layer and the internal electrode is weaker than the bending strength of the piezoelectric layer.

A composite structure comprises stacked sets of laminated fiber reinforced resin plies and metal sheets. Edges of the resin plies and metal sheets are interleaved to form a composite-to-metal joint connecting the resin plies with the metal sheets.

The invention concerns a mixture comprising by weight, the total being 100%, 1 to 100% if a polyamide block copolymer consisting of a basic polyolefin chain and on an average at least a polyamide graft wherein: the grafts are fixed to the basic chain by the radicals of an unsaturated monomer (X) having a function capable of reacting with a polyamide with amine terminal, the radicals of the unsaturated monomer (X) are fixed to the basic chain by grafting or copolymerization from its double bond; 99 to 0% of a flexible polyolefin with elastic modulus in flexure less than 50 MPa at 23° C. and having a crystalline melting point ranging between 60° C. and 100° C. Said mixtures are useful for making films, tanks, geomembrane protective fabrics produced by extrusion, products obtained by calendering, thermocladding / forming, protective films for electric cables and skins using slush molding technique.

A multi-layer piezoelectric element having high durability which allows it to increase the amount of displacement of a piezoelectric actuator under high voltage and high pressure and does not undergo a change in the amount of displacement during continuous operation in a high electric field and under a high pressure over a long time period is provided.The multi-layer piezoelectric element comprises a stack of at least one piezoelectric layer and a plurality of internal electrodes consisting of first and second internal electrodes placed one on another, a first external electrode formed on a first side face of the stack and connected to the first internal electrode and a second external electrode formed on a second side face of the stack and connected to the second internal electrode, wherein the bonding strength between the piezoelectric layer and the internal electrode is weaker than the bending strength of the piezoelectric layer.

A formed lining for a vehicle comprises a multi-layered base member comprising a film-like hot melt adhesive on a front thereof and a top cover member comprising a web-like hot melt adhesive on a back thereof, wherein the top cover member is bonded to the multi-layered base member. The top cover member and the heated multi-layered base member are set in a forming die. The hot melt web on the top cover member is melted by heat of the multi-layered base member during a forming process. Then, the top cover member is bonded to the multi-layered base member to be formed simultaneously.

A large molded article block free from distortion and residual stress can be obtained by means of a method of producing a polytetrafluoroethylene molded article by compression-molding a polytetrafluoroethylene powder to form a preform and baking the resulting preform with rotating. Furthermore, a film or sheet having less curling and wrinkle can be obtained by cutting the molded article block.

Disclosed is a thermo-shrinkable polyester film having superior thermal shrinkage properties. The thermo-shrinkable polyester film has a strength of 3.5˜6.5 kg / mm2 in a direction perpendicular to a main shrinking direction at an initial elongation less than 10%, an elongation at rupture of 50˜700% in a direction perpendicular to a main shrinking direction, a thickness uniformity (ΔR) of 4 or less and a shrinkage ratio of 5% or less in a direction perpendicular to a main shrinking direction, thus preventing the rupture thereof in a rolling process and so on and ensuring process stability and productivity.

Disclosed herein is a method of welding superalloy articles. A buttered layer is attached to a first article formed from a superalloy. A buttered layer is attached to a second article formed from a superalloy. Residual stresses are relieved between the buttered layer and the superalloy. Matching faying surfaces are established at the buttered layers of the articles. And, the faying surfaces of the articles are welded together to form a welded assembly, wherein after welding, a heat affected zone is within the buttered layers.

An electrostatic chuck is provided with a ceramic substrate 12 in which an electrode 14 is embedded, an electrode terminal 14a exposed at the bottom of a concave portion 16 disposed on the back surface of the ceramic substrate 12, a power feed member 20 to supply an electric power to the electrode 14, and a joining layer 22 to connect this power feed member 20 to the ceramic substrate 12. The joining layer 22 is formed by using a AuGe based alloy, a AuSn based alloy, or a AuSi based alloy. The ceramic substrate 12 and the power feed member 20 are selected in such a way that the thermal expansion coefficient difference D calculated by subtracting the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic substrate 12 from the thermal expansion coefficient of the power feed member 20 satisfies −2.2≦D≦6 (unit: ppm / K).

A piezoelectric actuator includes comb teeth-shaped piezoelectric actuators, each comprising plural piezoelectric layers. A side surface of each tooth is fired. Actuators are made by (1) preparing a plurality of piezoelectric material green sheets on which electrode films are formed and forming slits on a first green sheet using a punch and a die, (2) pulling up the first green sheet using a stripper, (3) pulling up a top portion of the punch slightly from the lowest portion of the pulled up first green sheet, (4) forming second slits in a second green sheet by the punch, (5) pulling up the second green sheet jointly with the first green sheet, and (6) pulling up the top portion of the punch slightly from the lowest portion of the pulled up second green sheet, and thereafter laminating green sheets by repeating steps (4) through (6). The layers can thereafter be fired.

A structure is provided between a first columnar structural member and at least a second structural member in which the stress concentration at the fixed end portion of the reinforcing member with the first columnar structural member and the second structural member(s) is greatly relaxed. Also, in the case where the reinforcing member is welded, the residual welding stress is relaxed, with the result that the proof stress and the fatigue performance are remarkably improved over the prior art. In the joining structure with the first columnar structural member and the second structural member(s), the first columnar structural member and the second structural member(s) joined to each other have welded thereto at least a tabular reinforcing member to reinforce the joining of the structural members. The reinforcing member has a U- or V-shaped bent portion along the surface of the structural members and also an opening.

A crankshaft that can be strengthened in a short time without being subjected to wasteful processing, and that can be strengthened over a wide range. The crankshaft includes a crank pin and a fillet portion of a journal pin. Compressive residual stress is applied to a region on the fillet portion, which extends at almost equal distances to both sides in a circumferential direction from a portion in which the greatest bending load is applied, and a processing depth for applying the compressive residual stress is gradually decreased in a circumferential direction from the center position in which the compressive residual stress is greatest.

A lamination molding apparatus, includes a material layer former to form a material layer; a first emitter to form a solidified layer by irradiating the material layer with a first beam; and a thermal adjuster to adjust a temperature of at least a portion of the solidified layer to at least one of a predetermined first temperature and a predetermined second temperature. The temperature of at least the portion of the solidified layer is adjusted to the first temperature, and then to the second temperature. When the first temperature is referred to as T1, the second temperature is referred to as T2, a martensite start temperature of the solidified layer is referred to as Ms, and a martensite finish temperature of the solidified layer is referred to as Mf, all of the following relations of T1≥Mf, T1>T2, and T2≤Ms are satisfied.

A continuous heat-shrink tubing process is described having an expansion element disposed with the tubing and a position maintenance feature to keep the expansion element in a desired location. The expansion element may be maintained in a position by pressurized fluid trapped within the tubing between the expansion element and pinch rollers. The pinch roller may be moved to reduce the volume within the section of tubing between the pinch roller nip and the expansion element, and thereby increase the pressure of the trapped fluid. In another embodiment, the expansion element may be held in place by an extruder connector. In yet another embodiment, the expansion element incorporates a magnetic component, or has at least one magnet, or magnetic metals and one or more magnets are configured to maintain an expansion element position through attractive or repulsive magnetic forces.

A compression coil spring having high durability can be provided by using an inexpensive wire material. The present invention provides a compression coil spring formed by using a steel wire material, the steel wire material made of C: 0.45 to 0.85 mass %, Si: 0.15 to 2.5 mass %, Mn: 0.3 to 1.0 mass %, Fe and inevitable impurities as a remainder, and a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.5 to 9.0 mm, wherein hardness of a freely selected cross-section of the wire material is 570 to 700 HV, and at an inner diameter side of the coil spring, unloaded compressive residual stress at a depth of 0.2 mm from a surface in an approximate maximal main stress direction in a case in which compressive load is loaded on the spring is 200 MPa or more, and unloaded compressive residual stress at a depth of 0.4 mm from surface is 100 MPa or more.

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a semi-submersible unit comprising a side wall, wherein the method comprises the steps of: placing a hull in a body of water, the hull comprising an opening for receiving an end piece, the end piece constituting at least a portion of the side wall; lowering the hull into the body of water, and connecting a deck structure to the hull to form a semi-submersible unit.The present invention also relates to a kit for constructing a semi-submersible unit comprising a side wall, wherein the kit comprises hull comprising an opening and a deck structure. Moreover, the present invention relates to a semi-submersible unit constructed according to the method and / or from a kit according to the present invention.

The invention relates to a bogie frame (1) for rail vehicles having at least two wheelsets, the bogie frame comprising two longitudinal members (3), which extend parallel to each other above the axle bearings, one or more cross-members (2) connected to the longitudinal members (3), and a receiving region (5) for functional elements, the bogie frame (1) being produced completely as a single casting of an aluminum alloy in a sand casting process, said casting having a hollow profile, which has cavities (10) in the interior and is stabilized by means of ribbings (8, 9).The invention further relates to a method for producing a bogie frame of this type and to a rail vehicle equipped with a bogie frame of this type.

A semiconductor structure is disclosed. The semiconductor structure includes a polycrystal substrate, a first single crystal layer formed thereon and a second single crystal layer formed on the first single crystal layer. A variation of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the first single crystal layer and the polycrystal substrate is less than 25%. There is no lattice mismatch between the first single crystal layer and the polycrystal substrate.

An image display medium includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a first bonding layer provided inside at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and an insulating layer fixed to the at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate by the first bonding layer, wherein the first bonding layer has a Young's modulus smaller than the substrate formed with the insulating layer and the insulating layer.

An electrostatic chuck is provided with a ceramic substrate 12 in which an electrode 14 is embedded, an electrode terminal 14a exposed at the bottom of a concave portion 16 disposed on the back surface of the ceramic substrate 12, a power feed member 20 to supply an electric power to the electrode 14, and a joining layer 22 to connect this power feed member 20 to the ceramic substrate 12. The joining layer 22 is formed by using a AuGe based alloy, a AuSn based alloy, or a AuSi based alloy. The ceramic substrate 12 and the power feed member 20 are selected in such a way that the thermal expansion coefficient difference D calculated by subtracting the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic substrate 12 from the thermal expansion coefficient of the power feed member 20 satisfies −2.2≦D≦6 (unit: ppm / K).

An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding; and a coating resin layer coating the glass fiber, wherein the coating resin layer has a primary resin layer in contact with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber and a secondary resin layer coating the outer periphery of the primary resin layer, the primary resin layer has a Young's modulus of 0.4 MPa or less at 23° C. and the primary resin layer has an outer diameter of 185 μm or more and 202 μm or less, the secondary resin layer has a glass transition temperature of 60° C. or more and 95° C. or less, and the difference between the average linear expansion coefficient of the coating resin layer in the range of 60° C. to 140° C. and the average linear expansion coefficient of the coating resin layer in the range of −60° C. to 0° C. is 0.7×10−4 / ° C. or less.

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vehicle body. The method includes coupling a frame assembly to a platform, wherein the platform is in a cambered and unloaded condition, and wherein the frame assembly has a degree of play at coupling points with the platform and securing the coupling points to eliminate the degree of play and thereby to provide substantially zero residual stress in the vehicle body in the cambered condition.

Cylindrical diaphragm assembly of reduced diameter for hydraulic shock absorbers with sealing at both ends, of those used in self-closing furniture, which at its outer end performs the sealing of the cylindrical body of the shock absorber and at its inner end performs the sealing of the shock absorber shaft, said cylindrical diaphragm assembly being on its outer side a fluid compensation chamber and on the other inner side an aerial chamber and consisting of an insertable elastic hood whose inner end has an annular decrease in diameter, generating a flat support area and ending in a conical extension of a simple seal in contact with the axis of the shock absorber, and of an inner tubular centering male provided at its inner end with a conical head with a flat outer wall for support and fixing of said insertable elastic hood; and that said inner tubular centering male has longitudinal flaps, said inner tubular centering male ending in a closure plug prominence which, with the outer end of the insertable elastic hood, generates a simple seal with the cylindrical body of the shock absorber.

A method of fabricating a head component of a golf club head is provided. The method includes following steps. First, a workpiece and a punching die are provided. Then, the workpiece and the punching die are put into a same heating environment and heated to a same temperature. Finally, the workpiece is punched by the punching die in the heating environment to form the head component of the golf club head. Further, a punching machine for fabricating the head component mentioned above is also provided. The head component made by the above method and the punching machine has the advantages of having a stable shape and no residual manufacturing stress.