The invention provides an ore dust collection and removal device. The ore dust collection and removal device comprises a shell, an air inlet device, a first filtering device, a water inlet device, a collection device, a second filtering device, a third filtering device, a fourth filtering device and an air suction device; a first through hole, a second through hole, a third through hole, a fourth through hole, a drain pipe and a first valve are arranged on the shell, the air inlet device comprises an air inlet hopper, an air inlet pipe, a sponge ball, a first filter screen, a first support and a first fixing rod, the first filtering device comprises a first transverse plate, a first baffle, a first flow guide plate, a first spring and a second spring, the water inlet device comprises a water inlet pipe, a water pump, a second valve and a second support, the collection device comprises a second flow guide plate, a third support, third springs and a stop block, and the second filtering device comprises a pipeline, a second fixing rod, a second filter screen, a third fixing rod, a fourth spring and a first fixing block. The ore dust collection and removal device can collect dust generated in the ore mining process and conduct effective dust removal.