The invention discloses an ecological water pollution treatment system. The device structurally comprises a floating plate, a water circulation treatment mechanism, connecting frames, floating bodiesand aerators, the floating plate is horizontally installed at the lower end of the water circulation treatment mechanism, the floating bodies are installed at the upper end of the water circulation treatment mechanism, the connecting frames are fixedly installed on the two sides of the upper end of the water circulation treatment mechanism, and the aerators are vertically embedded into the left side of the water circulation treatment mechanism; the water circulation treatment mechanism comprises a water inlet, a pollution treatment mechanism, a circulation pump body and a water outlet, and thepollution treatment mechanism is arranged on the right side of the circulation pump body, so that blue-green algae in a water body can be treated, sudden reduction of oxygen in the water body is prevented, survival of aquatic organisms is guaranteed, and the water quality is better protected; the mobile structure is arranged on the right side of the additive release structure, treatment can be conducted according to the amount of blue-green algae in the water body and can be conducted in a targeted mode, the green tide phenomenon is reduced, oxygen in the water body is increased, survival oforganisms in the water body is guaranteed, and overall deterioration of the water body is prevented.