The invention relates to a steel rail on-line wind-jet quenching heat treatment simulation experiment device, and belongs to the technical field of steel metallurgy. The experiment device is composed of the structures of: a Laval-type flat-slot nozzle system, a steel rail guiding system, a frame system, a valve system, a compressed air pipe system, a roller way system, a detection instrument system, a steel rail heating furnace system, and the like. With wind, water, heating furnace, and roller way conditions in an experimental innovation platform in metallurgical rolling, a steel rail on-line wind-jet quenching heat treatment simulation experiment device is designed and manufactured, and a steel rail on-line wind-jet quenching heat treatment simulation experiment method is developed. The method and the device are used for carrying out heavy rail full-length on-line quenching simulation experimental researches. The experiment method is simple and reliable. With the method, heavy rail full-length on-line quenching process research period can be greatly shortened, and process research cost can be reduced. The method is a feasible method of laboratory simulation research currently. With the device and he method, technical support can be provided for a heavy rail full-length on-line quenching production line.