The invention belongs to the field of rapid food safety detection, and provides a digital rapid food safety detection system, which mainly comprises a detection host machine unit, a sample pretreatment unit and a power supply module, can be provided for detecting a plurality of physical and chemical items, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, and biotoxins, has characteristics of rapid detection, high sensitivity, high informatization degree, and sample treatment-sample detection-informatization management integration, is an optimal selection for safe and rapid on-site detection, meets requirements of enterprise laboratories on food safety routine detection, and has strong promotion and application values. In addition, the detection host machine unit has the following characteristics that: temperature control precision and rotation speed control precision are high, functions of precise timing, short shock inching, temperature calibration and power-down recovery are provided, three functions such as constant temperature maintaining, oscillation and timing can be manually switched, the machine with a plurality of uses can be achieved, and equipment utilization can be increased.