The invention relates to a dust collection bucket with a novel power transmission structure, including a bucket body consisting of a bucket bottom and a bucket wall, a baffle arranged inside the bucket body and a compression plate. An inner gear that is meshed with a driving gear and drives the bucket body to rotate is formed on the lower side of the bucket bottom, the compression plate is fixedly connected with the bucket body, and the baffle is fixedly connected onto the wall of a cyclone separator above the bucket body. In the dust collection bucket in the invention, the compression plate is fixedly connected with the bucket body, an inner gear that is meshed with a driving gear and drives the bucket body to rotate is formed on the lower side of the bucket bottom, and the baffle is fixedly connected onto the wall of a cyclone separator above the bucket body. The driving gear drives the inner gear to rotate, and the inner gear drives the bucket body and the compression plate to rotate in order to compress dust, while the baffle does not rotate. In this way, the power of the compression plate comes from the bucket body around, power transferred in this way acts to the outer edge of a circle formed by the rotation of the compression plate, the compression plate is driven to rotate in the tangent direction of the circle, the compression power of the whole compression plate is great, the compression effect is better, and it is more convenient for users to use.