The invention relates to a TEC-based automatic calibration method and device for an infrared thermal imager. During the calibration process of an infrared thermal imager, the suspected pixels in each temperature range of the infrared thermal imager are measured, and the suspected pixels in each temperature range are measured. The pixel is used as the dead point, and the remaining suspected pixels are used as unstable pixels at each temperature point; during use, the processing circuit acquires the image of the infrared thermal imager, completes the non-uniformity correction, obtains the dead point position, and obtains the current temperature; According to the current temperature, look for unstable pixels; directly compensate for the dead point position in the image; judge whether the unstable pixel is a blind pixel, if so, perform compensation, otherwise do not process. The present invention calibrates dead points and unstable pixels for all temperature points and completes non-uniformity correction at the same time. In the process of use, it is not necessary to carry out blind element judgment for each image, and directly adopts corresponding values for dead points and unstable pixels. The compensation method is used for compensation, the processing is simple, and the real-time performance is good.