49results about How to "Effective refractive index" patented technology

Disclosed is a novel form of particulate precipitated aragonite calcium carbonate and a novel process for producing it.

The present invention relates to an optical device having a nano-structured surface capable of providing a structural color to a normal human viewer, the device made being manufactured in one single material. A plurality of nano-structured protrusions (5) is further arranged with a first periodicity (P1) in a first direction and a second periodicity (P2) in a second direction, the first and second periodicity being chosen so that the optical reflection is dominated by specular reflection. The nano-structured protrusions are optionally arranged with a relative spatial randomness (SR) with respect to the average surface positions. The position, size, and randomness of the protrusions are arranged so as to provide, at least up to a maximum angle of incidence (A_in) with respect to a normal to the surface, an angle-independent substantially homogeneous structural color perception for a normal human viewer, at least up to a maximum observation angle (A_obs) with respect to a normal to the surface.

A solid-state imaging device includes: an imaging area in which light receiving portions are disposed; an interconnect layer disposed on the light receiving portions, the interconnect layer including metal interconnects having openings and first insulating films; inner-layer lenses formed over the interconnect layer in one-to-one relationship with the light receiving portions; a transparent second insulating film formed on the interconnect layer and the inner-layer lenses; top lenses formed on the second insulating film in one-to-one relationship with the light receiving portions, an upper face of each of the top lenses being a convexly curved face; and a transparent film on the top lenses, the transparent film being formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the top lenses. In this way, a focal point of at least part of incident light can be situated above a semiconductor substrate.

A tunable Fabry-Perot filter that is less sensitive to angle of incidence is formed by replacing the cavity (air gap) with a partitioned cavity that has an effective refractive index greater than one. The partitioned cavity includes a pair of partitioned cavity dielectric layers formed on the reflectors on either side of the variable air gap. Each of the dielectric layers has an optical thickness that is less than one fourth the shortest wavelength in the tuning range of the filter. The resulting three-layer partitioned cavity has an effective optical thickness substantially equal to an integral multiple (m) of one half the transmitted wavelength within the tuning range of the filter.

The present publication describes a heat-resistant optical layered structure, a manufacturing method for a layered structure, and the use of a layered structure as a detector, emitter, and reflecting surface. The layered structure comprises a reflecting layer, an optical structure on top of the reflecting layer, and preferably shielding layers for shielding the reflecting layer and the optical structure. According to the invention, the optical structure on top of the reflecting layer comprises at least one partially transparent layer, which is optically fitted at a distance to the reflecting layer.

A semiconductor optical converter for use principally in an optical communications system or an optical information processing system.The semiconductor optical converter comprises an n-InP clad layer (12), an optical waveguide layer (13), an SI-InP clad layer (14), and an n-InP clad layer (15) formed sequentially on an SI-InP substrate (11), characterized in that a voltage is applied from an electrode (16) connected with the n-InP clad layer (15) and a ground electrode (17) connected with the n-InP clad layer (12).The semiconductor optical converter is especially applicable as a semiconductor phase modulator or a semiconductor Mach-Zehnder phase modulator operating at low voltages and having a low waveguide loss.

A subject for the invention is to provide a method of refractive index regulation by which the refractive index of an optical polymer molding can be efficiently changed without necessitating a complicated step, such as the step of oxidizing beforehand, and which when used for producing an optical device, imparts excellent transparency thereto. Another subject is to provide a photochemically refractive-index-changing polymer or photochemically refractive-index-changing polymer composition for use in the method.The invention relates to a method of refractive index regulation characterized in that either a photochemically refractive-index-changing polymer which is a polymer of one or more monomers comprising an acrylic vinyl monomer represented by CH2═C(R1)C(═O)O—R2═CH2 (wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl and R2 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1-20 carbon atoms, provided that the monomer may have one or more heteroatoms and halogen atoms in the molecule) as an essential ingredient and which has radial-polymerizable side-chain vinyl groups remaining in the molecule or a composition containing this polymer is irradiated with a radiation, e.g., ultraviolet, to react the vinyl groups and thereby cause a density change so as to result in a refractive-index increase (Δn) through the irradiation of 0.005 or more.

Disclosed herein is an optical waveguide element that includes a substrate and a waveguide layer formed on the substrate and comprising lithium niobate. The waveguide layer has a slab part having a predetermined thickness and a ridge part protruding from the slab part. The maximum thickness of the slab part is 0.05 times or more and less than 0.4 times a wavelength of a light propagating in the ridge part.

The present publication describes a heat-resistant optical layered structure, a manufacturing method for a layered structure, and the use of a layered structure as a detector, emitter, and reflecting surface. The layered structure comprises a reflecting layer, an optical structure on top of the reflecting layer, and preferably shielding layers for shielding the reflecting layer and the optical structure. According to the invention, the optical structure on top of the reflecting layer comprises at least one partially transparent layer, which is optically fitted at a distance to the reflecting layer.

A solid-state imaging device includes: an imaging area in which light receiving portions are disposed; an interconnect layer disposed on the light receiving portions, the interconnect layer including metal interconnects having openings and first insulating films; inner-layer lenses formed over the interconnect layer in one-to-one relationship with the light receiving portions; a transparent second insulating film formed on the interconnect layer and the inner-layer lenses; top lenses formed on the second insulating film in one-to-one relationship with the light receiving portions, an upper face of each of the top lenses being a convexly curved face; and a transparent film on the top lenses, the transparent film being formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the top lenses. In this way, a focal point of at least part of incident light can be situated above a semiconductor substrate.

A solid-state imaging device includes: an imaging area in which light receiving portions are disposed; an interconnect layer disposed on the light receiving portions, the interconnect layer including metal interconnects having openings and first insulating films; inner-layer lenses formed over the interconnect layer in one-to-one relationship with the light receiving portions; a transparent second insulating film formed on the interconnect layer and the inner-layer lenses; top lenses formed on the second insulating film in one-to-one relationship with the light receiving portions, an upper face of each of the top lenses being a convexly curved face; and a transparent film on the top lenses, the transparent film being formed of a material having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the top lenses. In this way, a focal point of at least part of incident light can be situated above a semiconductor substrate.