Provided is a two-position workpiece detecting mechanism capable of being rotated and lifted. A movable board which is connected with a driving device is arranged on a machine frame, first rolling shafts are supported on the movable board through a supporting frame, sleeved with first idler wheels, and connected with a first driving mechanism, and the first idler wheels are used for conveying workpieces; a guide sleeve is fixed to the movable board, a guide post is matched with the guide sleeve, the movable board is fixedly connected with an oil cylinder connected with a hydraulic control device, the outer end of the piston rod matched with the oil cylinder and the upper end of the guide post are connected with a supporting board together, the upper side of the supporting board is connected with a rotary board through a rotary table mechanism, second rolling shafts are supported on the upper surface of the rotary board, the second rolling shafts are sleeved with second idler wheels and connected with a second driving mechanism, and the second idler wheels are used for conveying the workpieces; a rotation limiting piece is arranged between the supporting board and the rotary board; the first rolling shafts are multiple in number, arranged in parallel, driven by the same driving mechanism, and linked through a transmission chain, and the second rolling shafts are multiple in number, arranged in parallel, driven by the same driving mechanism, and linked through a transmission chain. When the two-position workpiece detecting mechanism is used for detecting the workpieces, hoisting and shutdown are not needed, working efficiency is high, production cost is low, and flexibility and convenience are obtained.