The invention discloses an electronic replacement part technology state automatic detection system based on a PXI bus. The replacement part technology state automatic detection system based on the PXI bus comprises a controller with automatic detection system software, a PXI system, a VPC connector, an adaptor, a keyboard connected with the controller and a displayer, wherein the PXI system is formed by a PXI case and more than two PXI modules inserted into corresponding inserting grooves of the PXI case; the adaptor comprises a system self-test adaptor; the controller is connected with the PXI case through the PXI bus; signal ends of all PXI modules are connected with the self-test adaptor or a special test adaptor through the VPC connector; the system self-test adaptor comprises a standard current source, a standard resistor R, a reference source circuit, a square-wave generator, a signal route N1, a signal route N2, a signal route N3, a first copper foil short-circuit wire, a second copper foil short-circuit wire, a third copper foil short-circuit wire, a fourth copper foil short-circuit wire and a fifth copper foil short-circuit wire. The replacement part technology state automatic detection system based on the PXI bus has the advantages that due to the adoption of the adaptor, separating performance of an electronic replacement part to be tested and a PXI port is good, the system has good universality and expansibility, polytypic signals can be tested, and detection automation degree is high.