The invention discloses a diameter-adjustable efficient punching device suitable for a furniture plate. The diameter-adjustable efficient punching device comprises a supporting base, a first sliding block, a second sliding block, first adjusting screw rods and first electric telescopic rods, wherein bearing plates are installed at the upper end of the supporting base, the bearing plates are attached to a top plate, and a first motor is placed on the top plate; and meanwhile, the first motor is connected with a first rotating shaft, the first sliding block is installed on the first rotating shaft, the first sliding block is attached to the top plate, and the first rotating shaft is installed on the top plate. According to the diameter-adjustable efficient punching device suitable for the furniture plate, the left end and the right end of the plate are fixed through first positioning plates, and then the plate is fixed up and down through an attaching rolling rod, so that subsequent punching on the plate is facilitated; and the position of a punching rod is changed through a second electric telescopic rod, so that punching of plates with different diameters is achieved through the moving range of the punching rod, and more convenience and quickness are achieved.