The invention relates to a precipitation automatic observation device. The device comprises a video camera, a video digital acquisition card, a microprocessor, a transparent ground slide, a shield, a temperature controller, an air nozzle and a floodlight, wherein the video camera, temperature controller and floodlight are arranged in the shield of which top surface is provided with a glass window, the video camera faces to the glass window, the outer surface of the glass window is provided with the transparent ground slide used for bearing precipitation substances, and the shield is connected with the air nozzle used for cleaning the transparent ground slide. The invention adopts a new train of thought and designs the new device which can be used to clearly and conveniently identify various precipitations such as rain, shower, drizzle, snow, snow shower, sleet, sleet shower, graupel, granular snow, ice particles and hail; and the amount of precipitation can be measured and the effect of the device is better than that by using traditional methods.