A self-adaptive throwing device for stalks cutting and discharging in the longitudinal axial flow combine harvesters comprises a longitudinal axial flow stalk discharging and guiding device, a stalks remnant shredding device, a wind direction and wind speed detection device, a reaping region identification device, an operating speed sensor, a shredding revolution speed sensor, a width adjustable throwing device, a self-adaptive throwing real-time control system. The throwing width is self-adaptive based on the machine operating speed, wind speed, wind direction, the position of the region having been cut and the region waiting to be cut, so as to achieve the full width throwing of the stalks remnant. An arc stalk guiding plate and a flow separating bar are mounted in the longitudinal axial flow stalk guiding device to make the shredding load more even.