149results about "Refining with non-metals" patented technology

An improved continuous process for converting methane, natural gas, and other hydrocarbon feedstocks into one or more higher hydrocarbons, methanol, amines, or other products comprises continuously cycling through hydrocarbon halogenation, product formation, product separation, and electrolytic regeneration of halogen, optionally using an improved electrolytic cell equipped with an oxygen depolarized cathode.

A catalyst and a method of preparation of said catalyst is described herein. The catalyst includes one or more metals from Columns 6-10 of the Periodic Table and / or one or more compounds of one or more metals from Columns 6-10 of the Periodic Table, a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter ranging from 105 Å to 150 Å, with 60% of the total number of pores in the pore size distribution having a pore diameter within 60 Å of the median pore diameter, with at least 50% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter of at most 600 Å, and between 5% and 25% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter between 1000 Å and 5000 Å. Methods of producing said catalyst are described herein. Crude products and products made from said crude products are described herein.

Trace amount levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with a sufficient amount of a reducing agent to convert at least a portion of the non-volatile mercury into a volatile form of mercury, which can be subsequently removed by any of stripping, scrubbing, adsorption, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the mercury is removed. In another embodiment, the removal rate is at least 99%. In one embodiment, the reducing agent is selected from sulfur compounds containing at least one sulfur atom having an oxidation state less than +6; ferrous compounds; stannous compounds; oxalates; cuprous compounds; organic acids which decompose to form CO2 and / or H2 upon heating; hydroxylamine compounds; hydrazine compounds; sodium borohydride; diisobutylaluminium hydride; thiourea; transition metal halides; and mixtures thereof.

The invention is concerned with a supported or unsupported catalyst comprising an active phase constituted by a sulfur-containing group VIB element, the group VIB element being molybdenum, and a hydrodeoxygenation process with a yield of hydrodeoxygenation product which is greater than or equal to 90% of charges from renewable sources using a catalyst according to the invention.

A process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes is reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid vapor. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid are then reacted over a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst, such as an X or Y type zeolite, at a temperature of from about 250° C. to about 500° C. so as to form olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and hydrobromic acid vapor. Various methods are disclosed to remove the hydrobromic acid vapor from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and to generate bromine from the hydrobromic acid for use in the process.

The invention is concerned with a supported or unsupported catalyst comprising an active phase constituted by a sulfur-containing group VIB element, the group VIB element being molybdenum, and a hydrodeoxygenation process with a yield of hydrodeoxygenation product which is greater than or equal to 90% of charges from renewable sources using a catalyst according to the invention.

This invention relates to a process for reducing the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock having less than 5 wppm oxygenates-oxygen, comprising the step of contacting the feedstock with a catalyst at conversion conditions to form a first effluent, wherein the catalyst includes a molecular sieve having a zeolite structure type of MWW.

A process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes is reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid vapor. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid are then reacted over a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst, such as an X or Y type zeolite, at a temperature of from about 250° C. to about 500° C. so as to form olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and hydrobromic acid vapor. Various methods are disclosed to remove the hydrobromic acid vapor from the olefins and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and to generate bromine from the hydrobromic acid for use in the process.

Trace amount levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with a sufficient amount of a reducing agent to convert at least a portion of the non-volatile mercury into a volatile form of mercury, which can be subsequently removed by any of stripping, scrubbing, adsorption, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the mercury is removed. In another embodiment, the removal rate is at least 99%. In one embodiment, the reducing agent is selected from sulfur compounds containing at least one sulfur atom having an oxidation state less than +6; ferrous compounds; stannous compounds; oxalates; cuprous compounds; organic acids which decompose to form CO2 and / or H2 upon heating; hydroxylamine compounds; hydrazine compounds; sodium borohydride; diisobutylaluminium hydride; thiourea; transition metal halides; and mixtures thereof.

Improvements in the selective extraction of relatively low molecular weight oils from coal, coal liquids, oil shales, shale oils, oil sands, heavy and semi-heavy oils, bitumens, and the like are provided by a continuous process involving contacting the material to be treated with supercritical water in a continuous operation at pressures of from 500 psi to 3000 psi, temperatures of 250° C. to 450° C., and in-reactor dwell times generally in excess of 25 seconds and up to 10 minutes.

Trace element levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with an iodine source, generating a water soluble heavy metal complex for subsequent removal from the crude oil. In one embodiment, the iodine source is generated in-situ in an oxidation-reduction reaction, by adding the crude oil to an iodine species having a charge and a reductant or an oxidant depending on the charge of the iodine species. In one embodiment with an iodine species having a positive charge and a reducing reagent, a complexing agent is also added to the crude oil to extract the heavy metal complex into the water phase to form water soluble heavy metal complexes which can be separated from the crude oil, for a treated crude oil having reduced levels of heavy metals.

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a fractionated hydroprocessed effluent. The process can include stripping a hydroprocessed effluent from a hydroprocessing zone, fractionating the stripped hydroprocessed effluent to obtain a naphtha cut, and sending the naphtha cut to a hydrogen sulfide removal zone. The hydrogen sulfide removal zone can include an amine wash settler, an amine contacting column, or a steam stripper.

A method of removing sulfur from sour oil by subjecting sour oil having a first sulfur content to high shear in the presence of at least one desulfurizing agent to produce a high shear treated stream, wherein the at least one desulfurizing agent is selected from the group consisting of bases and inorganic salts, and separating both a sulfur-rich product and a sweetened oil product from the high shear-treated stream, wherein the sulfur-rich product comprises elemental sulfur and wherein the sweetened oil product has a second sulfur content that is less than the first sulfur content. A system for reducing the sulfur content of sour oil via at least one high shear device comprising at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator, and at least one separation device configured to separate a sulfur-rich product and sweetened oil from the high shear-treated stream.

The invention discloses preparation and applications of a molecular sieve gasoline desulfurizing agent loaded with a functionalized ionic liquid. According to a preparation method, the functionalized ionic liquid is anchored or restricted in a molecular sieve via in situ synthesis so as to obtain the molecular sieve gasoline desulfurizing agent loaded with the functionalized ionic liquid, and load capacity of the functionalized ionic liquid on the molecular sieve ranges from 5 to 30%. Introduction of acidic functional groups into the ionic liquid is capable of achieving synergist effect of adsorption of the molecular sieve in gasoline desulphurization; acidic active sites are capable of catalyzing oxidation sulfone forming reaction of a plurality of thiophenic sulfides effectively, and possess excellent promoting effect on subsequent extraction desulphurization. Reaction conditions are mild; operation cost is low; removing effect is excellent; oil product loss and oil product quality decrease caused in desulphurization process are avoided effectively; desulfurizing agent regeneration is convenient to realize; and recycling effect is excellent.

The invention relates to a high-chlorine raw material catalytic conversion method, wherein a high temperature regeneration catalyst enters the pre-rising section on the lower portion of a riser reactor, flows upward under the effect of a pre-rising medium, and then enters the oil agent initial contact reaction region on the lower portion of the riser reactor, a pre-heated high-chlorine raw material is introduced into the lower portion of the oil agent initial contact reaction region, the pre-heated high-chlorine raw material and the high temperature regeneration catalyst contact, react and rise, the formed oil agent mixture enters a riser main reaction region, a hydrocarbon conversion reaction is continuously performed in the main reaction region, the formed oil agent mixture is subjected to gas-solid separation through the reactor outlet, the separated catalyst with charcoal is subjected to steam stripping and charring so as to be recycled, and the separated reaction oil gas is conveyed to the subsequent product separation system. According to the present invention, with the method, the high-chlorine raw material can be directly processes, the high-chlorine raw material conversion rate is improved, and the product selectivity is improved; and the method is simple and is easy to perform, and the method can be achieved only by carrying out simple transforming on the conventional catalytic cracking equipment.