32results about "Refining with halogen compounds" patented technology

Catalysts amenable to oxidizing sulfur compounds and systems and methods of using these catalysts to effect the removal of sulfur from crude oil and crude oil distillates are disclosed. The catalyst is disposed with a titanyl moiety which serves to selectively coordinate sulfur compounds and affect their oxidation. The titanyl may be bound within a polymer or on the surface of a polymer or on the surface or in the pores of an inorganic support. The resulting oxidized sulfur compounds are readily separated from the initial crude oil or crude oil distillate streams by traditional separation techniques arrayed as described in the systems and methods disclosed.

Trace element levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with an iodine source, generating a water soluble heavy metal complex for subsequent removal from the crude oil. In one embodiment, the iodine source is generated in-situ in an oxidation-reduction reaction, by adding the crude oil to an iodine species having a charge and a reductant or an oxidant depending on the charge of the iodine species. In one embodiment with an iodine species having a positive charge and a reducing reagent, a complexing agent is also added to the crude oil to extract the heavy metal complex into the water phase to form water soluble heavy metal complexes which can be separated from the crude oil, for a treated crude oil having reduced levels of heavy metals.

Trace amount levels of heavy metals such as mercury in crude oil are reduced by contacting the crude oil with an oxidizing agent and then with a reducing agent. In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent is selected from the group of hydroperoxides, organic peroxides, inorganic peracids and salts thereof, organic peracids and salts thereof, halogens such as iodine (I2), bromine (Br2), and ozone. The treatment converts non-volatile mercury in the crude oil into a volatile form for subsequent mercury removal by any of stripping, scrubbing, adsorption, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the mercury is removed. In another embodiment, the removal rate is at least 99%.

High energy (e.g., ultrasonic) mixing of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and reactants comprised of an oxidation source, catalyst and acid yields a diesel fuel product or additive having substantially increased cetane number. Ultrasonic mixing creates cavitation, which involves the formation and violent collapse of micron-sized bubbles, which greatly increases the reactivity of the reactants. This, in turn, substantially increases the cetane number compared to reactions carried out using conventional mixing processes, such as simple mechanical stirring. Alternatively, an aqueous mixture comprising water and acid can be pretreated with an oxidation source such as ozone and subjected to ultrasonic cavitation prior to reacting the pretreated mixture with a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical catalysts, and specifically relates to a preparation method of a hierarchical pore heteroatom aluminum phosphate molecular sieve for oxidativedesulfurization. The method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a microporous aluminum phosphate molecular sieve through a dynamic hydrothermal crystallization manner; and preparing the hierarchical pore heteroatom aluminum phosphate molecular sieve in a mesoporous template agent and metal source synthesizing system by taking the prepared microporous aluminum phosphate molecular sieve as aseed crystal. According to the method, the synthesizing time is reduced; the prepared molecular sieve is controllable and uniform in crystal particles; and the desulfurization effect is high in catalytic oxidative desulfurization reaction.

In accordance with the present invention, a method of removing sulfide(s), which is safe, is effective over long periods at low cost, and exerts no adverse influences on the environment. The present invention relates to a method of removing sulfide(s), characterized in that a medium containing sulfide(s), including hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan(s), is allowed to come into contact with 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diyl diacetate. Also, the present invention relates to the method, wherein the medium is a solid, liquid, or gas. In accordance with the present invention, sulfide(s), including hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan(s), can efficiently be treated so that they may be removed at low cost without the need for large-capacity equipment. In addition, the present invention can be safely practiced because there is no generation of byproducts that irritate the skin.

A method for reducing mercaptan concentration in a crude oil is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the crude with a treating solution comprising a hypochlorite solution, whereby the mercaptan sulfur is oxidized and converted to at least one sulfur oxoacid or salt thereof, yielding a treated crude oil having less than 50 ppm mercaptan sulfur and residual organic chloride. The treated crude oil containing residual organic chloride is brought in contact with a caustic solution at a molar ratio of caustic to chloride of 0.1:1 to 50:1, generating an upgraded crude oil with less than 10 ppm organic chloride. In one embodiment, the spent treating solution is recycled to form a regenerated hypochlorite stream for use in the treatment solution.

The invention provides a fuel oil oxidation treatment method applicable to fuel oil desulfurization. Hydrogen peroxide and chlorine together react with fuel oil at the same time, and the fuel oil at the end of reaction is oxidation treated fuel oil. The fuel oil treated by the method is more easily desulfurized by a liquid-liquid extraction process.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a liquefied petroleum gas oxidation desulfurization agent, and relates to the technical field of petrochemical industry. The preparation method of the desulfurization agent comprises the steps of activating silica gel, modifying the silica gel and loading the silica gel; alpha-hydroxy acid and a silane coupling agent can enhance the affinity of silica gel for liquefied petroleum gas and the absorption capacity for polar substances; under the catalysis of additives, an oxidizing agent supported on the silica gel can quickly and efficiently oxidizesulfur-containing substances in the liquefied petroleum gas into polar oxides which can be absorbed by the silica gel. The modified silica gel is used as a desulfurizing agent, and an organic solventis not involved; the method is simple to operate, environmentally-friendly and remarkable in sulfur removal effect; furthermore, after absorption, the silica gel can be recycled, so that the method is low in cost and suitable for industrial production.

The present embodiments generally relate to methods for the treatment of tailings, e.g., oil sands tailings, including methods comprising the use of one or more flocculants, one or more coagulants and one or more oxidants to treat said tailings and / or to improve the performance of said one or more flocculants.

The invention provides a gas condensate deodorization method. The method comprises the following steps of mixing or contacting gas condensate, an activator, an oxidizing agent and a deodorization catalyst, and collecting the mixed or contacted gas condensate, wherein the activator comprises a mixture of a water-soluble ether compound, inorganic base and / or organic base, and a water-soluble polar solvent, the water-soluble ether compound has a structure of R1(OR2)nOR3, R1, R2 and R3 respectively represent C1-C8 alkyl and n is an integer of 1-5. The gas condensate deodorization method transforms low-boiling point sulfide in the gas condensate into high-boiling point sulfide thereby realizing deodorization, can be operated simply and safely, does not discharge waste, is suitable for oil field, harbor, oil depot and oil refinery and is conducive to follow-up processing of gas condensate. The gas condensate deodorization method has lasting deodorization effects, can substantially improve smell, directly improves gas condensate corrosivity to a distillation column, reduces sulfur content of a follow-up product and desulphurization load in processing and reduces desulphurization sewage.

High energy (e.g., ultrasonic) mixing of a hydrocarbon feedstock and reactants comprised of an oxidation source, acid, and optional catalyst yields a liquid hydrocarbon product having increased cetane number. Ultrasonic mixing creates cavitation, which involves formation and violent collapse of micron-sized bubbles, which greatly increases reactivity of the reactants. Cavitation substantially increases cetane number compared to reactions carried out using conventional mixing processes, such as simple mechanical stirring. An aqueous mixture comprising water and acid can be pretreated with ozone or other oxidizer using ultrasonic cavitation prior to reacting the pretreated mixture with a hydrocarbon feedstock to promote cetane-increasing reactions. Controlling temperature inside the reactor promotes beneficial cetane-increasing reactions while minimizing formation of water-soluble sulfones.

A crude oil which contains at least 0.1 wt % unstable sulfur compounds is treated in a reaction zone at low temperature to convert at least 50 wt % of the unstable sulfur compounds contained therein. The reaction and removal of sulfur from the crude may be facilitated by contacting the crude oil with a catalytic material in the presence of a stripping fluid.