The invention relates to a cascading coarse-fine data coupling optical scanning device. The cascading coarse-fine data coupling optical scanning device is formed by a rotation double-prism system and an orthogonal deflection optical panel system in the direction of an optical axis; the rotation double-prism system adopts two rotation stepping motors to respectively drive two wedge-shaped prisms to rotate surrounding a Z axis to achieve coarse scanning; the orthogonal deflection optical panel system adopts the two rotation stepping motors to respectively drive two optical panels to deflect surrounding a Y axis and a Z axis; displacement translation of light beams within local ranges through the displacement translation of refraction light beams and an exquisite scanning requirement is satisfied; two sets of prim systems of the rotation double-prism system are both formed by a base, a rotation stepping motor, an encoder, a wedge-shaped prism, an optical frame, a worm gear, a worm and a mirror bracket; the orthogonal deflection optical panel system is formed by a second base, a third mirror bracket, a third rotation stepping motor, a first plane mirror, a third mirror frame, a third encoder, a fourth encoder, a fourth mirror frame, a second plane mirror, a fourth rotation stepping motor and a fourth mirror frame. According to the cascading coarse-fine data coupling optical scanning device, the light beam propagation direction is easy to control and control is convenient.