The invention provides a method for nondestructive evaluation of a
residual stress of an aluminum
alloy pre-stretched plate by utilizing an ultrasonic wave. The method comprises the following steps: selecting an ultrasonic wave characteristic frequency, and then obtaining a characteristic
attenuation coefficient under the characteristic frequency; obtaining a
surface roughness compensation coefficient, determining a grain size compensation coefficient of a detected aluminum
alloy pre-stretched plate, determining a loosening compensation coefficient value of the aluminum
alloy pre-stretched plate, determining a constant, related to a material characteristic, of the detected aluminum alloy pre-stretched plate, and then obtaining a
residual stress value equation; selecting an ultrasonic wave probe; performing calibration on a
residual stress test block, and performing correction on a
system gain compensation; performing ultrasonic wave scanning on the to-be-detected plate; and generating a residual
stress field map. Through adoption of the technical scheme, an influence of
surface roughness is reduced, an obtained quantitative value of the residual stress is more accurate, the method has a large thickness application scope, and interferences of plate loosening and plate grain size factors on residual stress detection precision are reduced.