The invention discloses a litopenaeus vannamei freshwater cage culture method comprising the steps of cage preparation, cage setting, graded culture, fish variety matching, feed feeding, oxygenation control, and the like. According to the invention, with the controlling over the setting of the cage, the matching of fish varieties, feed feeding frequencies, oxygenation times and the like, the litopenaeus vannamei no longer live in the pond bottom which is rich in decayed matters. Therefore, litopenaeus vannamei disease rate is reduced, and dead and diseased litopenaeus vannamei can be removed in time conveniently, such that disease spreading is prevented. The water quality can be effectively improved, feed utilization rate is improved, and sufficient dissolved oxygen in water is effectively ensured, such that a theoretical dissolved oxygen vulnerability problem is avoided. Also, a plurality of feed stages are alternately arranged in the cage, such that litopenaeus vannamei can live in different water levels in the cage, and culture yield can be improved.