The invention discloses a central wireless sensor network topology reconstruction method. The central wireless sensor network topology reconstruction method particularly comprises the following steps: firstly, discussing mutual relation between network coverage and number of failure nodes aiming at a given regular network structure, and providing a basis for determining that the number of required failure nodes with the minimum repair can achieve certain network coverage; then, performing mathematical description on the scheduling problem of support nodes, converting the marriage problem between the support nodes and the failure nodes into an integer programming problem for solving, and obtaining an optimized node distribution method, namely a network topology reconstruction method; meanwhile, discussing the node distribution method of a random network structure; and finally, performing verification and analysis on the proposed method through a simulation experiment. Under the precondition that the maximum moving distance of a single support node is limited, an optimized matching scheme between a node needing to be moved and a failure node to be repaired is searched, so that the total moving distance of all support nodes needing to be moved is minimum.