The invention provides a distributed-structure-based big data clustering method. The distributed-structure-based big data clustering method comprises the following steps: S100, preprocessing big data; S200, segmenting and managing the big data; S300, establishing a clustering hypergraph model; S400, mapping the big data, specifically, respectively mapping segmented data blocks to the hypergraphs H=(V, E), namely mapping each data block to one hypergraph; S500, clustering all the data blocks respectively by using the hypergraphs; S600, reclustering clustering results of all the data blocks, obtained in the step S500, to obtain a final clustering result. According to the distributed-structure-based big data clustering method, by using a cloud platform in combination with a hypergraph theory, the big data is mined and clustered, so that fast, real-time and accurate analysis and processing of the big data are achieved.