The invention relates to an inhibitor of Factor XII (FXII) for use in treating or preventing chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, renal scarring, ischemia / reperfusion injury in native or transplant kidneys and / or acute kidney injury, a kit for use in treating or preventing chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, renal scarring, ischemia / reperfusion injury in native or transplant kidneys, acute kidney injury, renal fibrosis as a result of rejection of a kidney transplant / allograft, and / or fibrosis of a kidney transplant / allograft as a result of rejection or recurrent underlying disease comprising one inhibitor of Factor XII, and an anti-Factor XII (FXII) antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof for use in treating or preventing chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, renal scarring, ischemia / reperfusion injury in native or transplant kidneys and / or acute kidney injury comprising one inhibitor of Factor XII.