The invention discloses an encoding and decoding method for a crosstalk resistant on-chip bus and an encoding and decoding device thereof, which mainly solve the problems of low data transmission efficiency and high power consumption in the conventional bus encoding method. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, partitioning an N-position bus into a low-position sub-bus and a high-position sub-bus by inserting a shielded wire; secondly, judging whether a true code and a counter code of data to be transmitted of the two sub-buses can cause worst-case-crosstalk or not and generating a mark signal; and finally, obtaining whether the worst-case-crosstalk exists in the sub-buses or not according to the mark signal, if the worst-case-crosstalk exists in one or both sub-buses, inserting an N-position shielded word to eliminate the worst-case-crosstalk, and if the worst-case-crosstalk does not exist in both sub-buses, optimizing the power consumption of the encoding method, namely, if the true code and the counter code do not cause the worst-case-crosstalk, selecting one with lower power consumption to transmit, and if one code causes the worst-case-crosstalk, selecting the data not causing the worst-case-crosstalk to transmit. The method and the device have the advantages of high data transmission efficiency and low power consumption and can be applied to the design of a super-large scale integrated circuit.