The invention relates to a bactericidal composition containing active ester and dithianon. The effective components of the composition comprise active ester and dithianon, the weight ratio of active ester to dithianon is 1:80-60:1, and assistants can be added to the effective active components to prepare a wettable pulvis, a water dispersible granule, a suspension, a suspension emulsion, an emulsion in water, a microemulsion, a microcapsule suspension, and a microcapsule suspension-suspension. The composition can be used for controlling the rust disease, downy mildew, the mildew disease, scab, phytophthora blight, anthracnose, ring spot, brown patch, brown rot, leaf curl, shot hole, Alternaria Leaf Spot and leaf spot on rice, wheat, peaches, oranges, bananas, watermelons, pears, grapes, flours, capsicums, cucumbers and apples. The composition has the characteristics of wide bactericidal spectrum, small drug dose, rain wash resistance, and obvious synergistic effect.