The invention discloses a method for evaluating the Bauschinger effect of casings used in heavy oil steam huff and puff thermal recovery wells, belonging to the field of oil and gas exploitation, including: S1, measuring the initial yield strength σ of casing materials to be evaluated 0 and tensile strength σ t ; S2, take the casing sample, conduct multiple tension-compression symmetric cycle tests, and measure the yield strength σ of each tension stage 1 , σ 2 , σ 3 , ...; S3, calculate the increment Δσ of the yield strength after each cycle of tension-compression 1 , Δσ 2 , Δσ 3 , ..., define the average value of each yield strength increment as Δσ; S4, according to the formula Δσ T =A×B×ΔσPredict the total increment of yield strength Δσ within the service life of the casing T ; S5, if Δσ is positive, and the formula Δσ T ≤σ t -σ 0 If it is established, the tested casing material is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified; if Δσ is a negative value, and the formula σ 0 +Δσ T ≥σ c If it is established, the tested casing material is qualified, otherwise it is unqualified. By measuring and calculating the average value Δσ of the yield strength increment, the invention visually judges whether the casing material under evaluation belongs to cyclic softening or cyclic hardening, and further judges whether the casing material under test is qualified.