The invention discloses an automatic horizontal displacement and sedimentation monitoring system based on GPRS and belongs to the field of civil engineering surveying. The system comprises a surveying robot, a power source, a data transmission unit (DTU), a server and upper computer software, the surveying robot is connected with the power source and the data transmission unit (DTU) through a Y-shaped wire, one end of the Y-shaped wire is connected with the surveying robot, one of the remaining two ends of the Y-shaped wire is connected with the power source for supplying power to the surveying robot, the remaining one end of the Y-shaped wire is connected with the data transmission unit (DTU) for conducting signal transmission and instruction issuing, and the upper computer software comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and an early warning module. According to the automatic horizontal displacement and sedimentation monitoring system, communication with the surveying robot is achieved through the GPRS, coordinate information of a surveyed point is obtained, then horizontal displacement and sedimentation are obtained through analysis and calculation, thereby the purposes of real-time monitoring and remote control are achieved, monitoring efficiency is improved, and the cost is remarkably lowered. The system is good in universality, high in integration degree, convenient to operate, suitable for being popularized and capable of being widely applied to the construction engineering field.