The invention discloses a pedicle screw automatic implantation method. By virtue of an image acquisition and processing module, tasks of taking and storing a spinal image are achieved, so that gray scale range consistency at a pixel level and size unity based on image size are completed; an acquired vein image, which is relatively poor in quality, is subjected to sharpening strengthening treatment; then, by virtue of a corresponding feature extraction algorithm, spinal features of the pre-processed spinal image are extracted, and feature matching and space reconstruction are conducted on the extracted spinal features in an established feature database by virtue of a recognition decision; by virtue of a path screening module, wrong paths, which are set, are eliminated; by virtue of a safety assessment module, safety assessment is conducted on paths within an area and paths, which are high in safety, are selected out; by virtue of a depth calculating module, implantation depth calculation is conducted on the selected paths; by virtue of an optimization and comparison module, the calculated paths are comprehensively screened; and by virtue of an angle calculating module, a final path implantation angle is calculated. The method can improve a success rate of screw implantation, and meanwhile, the method can effectively shorten a time; and the method has an important significance for the practical application of a spinal pedicle screw automatic implantation technology.