The invention provides an ablation needle component and an ablation system. The ablation needle component comprises a hollow outer sleeve and an ablation needle, wherein the outer sleeve movably sleeves outside an electrode needle main body of the ablation needle and is connected with an ablation handle in a detached and rotating manner, so that the ablation needle can be separated from the outersleeve after an ablation operation is completed, the outer sleeve is still kept in a tissue, a channel is provided for other operations, such as biopsy, repeated puncture is avoided, damages on tissues are reduced, and the biopsy operation can be convenient and efficient. Furthermore, the ablation handle is in rotating connection with the outer sleeve, the electrode needle main body can be drivento rotate relative to the outer sleeve when the ablation handle rotates relative to the outer sleeve, which means that the outer sleeve and the electrode needle main body are not of an integral structure, and the outer sleeve can be kept standing still when the ablation needle should be rotated, so that damages on tissues can be reduced, and the rotating resistance is relatively small. Therefore,the ablation needle component and the ablation system are especially applicable to radiofrequency ablation treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.