The invention provides a potato and peanut harvesting machine. The potato and peanut harvesting machine comprises a rack, a hanging frame is arranged at the rear end of the rack, a plow frame is arranged at the front end of the rack, a potato conveyor is arranged on the rear side of the rack, a feeding inlet of the potato conveyor corresponds to a discharging end at the upper end of the plow frame, and a discharging end of the potato conveyor extends to the outer side of the rack. A mulching film recovering device is located at the rear end of the rack and above the potato conveyor, a film removing blower is arranged on the portion, corresponding to an air inlet of the mulching film recovering device, on the inner side of the potato conveyor, an air outlet of the mulching film recovering device is located at the tail end of the rack, a film collection net bag sleeves the air outlet, a potato-peanut switch plate is arranged at the front end of the rack, a peanut conveyor is arranged on the top of the rack, and a peanut picking device and a peanut vine removing device are arranged on the portion, between the peanut conveyor and the mulching film recovering device, at the rear end of the rack. By means of the potato and peanut harvesting machine, potato and peanut harvesting, mulching film recovering and smashing for backfilling of peanut vines can be achieved, the potato and peanut harvesting processes are automatic, and the market prospect is very wide.