The invention relates to a blast furnace main belt material flow tracking control method and a device. The method comprises the following steps: a first time point, a second time point and a third time point are calculated; after a material tail reaches the first time point, a next batch of blanks is controlled to be loaded on a main belt; after a material head reaches the second time point, equipment downstream of the main belt is controlled to prepare for loading; after the material head reaches the third time point, whether preparation for loading by the equipment downstream of the main belt is completed is detected; and if the loading preparation by the equipment downstream of the main belt is not completed, shutdown treatment is performed. The device consists of a first calculating unit, a second calculating unit, a third calculating unit, a first processing unit, a second processing unit, a third processing unit, first material flow detecting equipment, second material flow detecting equipment and third material flow detecting equipment. The blast furnace main belt material flow tracking control method and device provided by the invention can prevent the technical problem of misoperation of the equipment caused by damage of the material flow detectors, and reduces production faults caused by the faults of the material flow detectors.