The invention discloses a communication characteristic extraction and traffic generation method and device, and relates to the technical field of computer communication. The device comprises an application characteristic obtaining module, an application realizing module, and a traffic generation engine module, wherein the application characteristic obtaining module is used for establishing a communication module by analyzing communication characteristic data of a Map / Reduce type application, and inputting obtained data to the communication model to generate a result; the communication module is composed of a phase segmentation model and a phase traffic model; the application realizing module is used for generating a Map list according to the result and the communication model, obtaining a data rate calculation function according to the Map list and data rate request information, and obtaining a data rate via the data rate calculation function; and the traffic generation engine module is used for obtaining a generated traffic according to the data rate. According to the communication characteristic extraction and traffic generation method and device disclosed by the invention, in a communication information statistic aspect, through analysis on a target application, the dimensionality of characteristic parameters is reduced; and therefore, the cost needed for calculating and storing resources is relatively low, the realization is easy, and the method and the device are applied to an application scene.