The invention discloses a rollover support device for a liquid tank truck and a method for controlling elongation of a rack thereof. The rollover support device includes a first rack, a second rack, a rollover monitoring unit, a horizontal movement mechanism, a vertical movement Mechanism, alarm controller and rollover support device controller, the horizontal movement mechanism includes the first motor, the first pawl, the first ratchet, the first gear and the first auxiliary pulley, the vertical movement mechanism includes the second motor, the second ratchet pawl, second ratchet, second gear and second auxiliary pulley. The control method is as follows: when the monitored roll angle is less than the calibrated threshold K, the vehicle runs normally, and the rollover monitoring unit continues to collect data but does not output a control signal; when the monitored roll angle is greater than the calibrated threshold K , the rollover support controller outputs a control signal to control the extension of the first rack and the second rack, and at the same time controls the alarm control unit to give an alarm.