The invention discloses a radio frequency identification method and device of reverse measurement auxiliary information. The radio frequency identification device comprises a computer, a coordinate measuring machine, a measuring head sensor, a temperature sensor, a gas pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a timer, a reader, five radio frequency tags, a half-duplex communication interface and a simplex communication interface, wherein the computer is connected with the reader through the half-duplex communication interface, the reader is in wireless communication connection with the coordinate measuring machine, the measuring head sensor, measuring personal, a laboratory, and the radio frequency tags, and the radio frequency tag is integrated with the temperature sensor, the gas pressure sensor, the humidity sensor and the timer; and the temperature sensor, the gas pressure sensor, the humidity sensor and the timer are provided with programmers, and are connected with the corresponding radio frequency tags through the simplex communication interface. According to the invention, information of the coordinate measuring machine, the measuring head sensor, the measuring personal, the timer, the laboratory, the temperature sensor, the gas pressure sensor and the humidity sensor during reverse measurement is rapidly identified and obtained, and human-computer interaction is not needed.