The invention discloses a dust removal system for a road sweeper. The dust removal system comprises a draught fan, a dustbin and a suction nozzle, wherein the suction nozzle is provided with a suctiontube and an air blowing pipe, the dustbin comprises a front cover, an air exhaust part, a box body, an upper cover and a rear door, the air exhaust part is arranged between the front cover and the box body, a partition plate partitions the front cover and the box body, the air exhaust part comprises an air exhaust port, an upper exhaust outlet and an air inducing port, airflow discharged from anair outlet of the draught fan is divided into two paths, one path of the airflow is discharged from the upper exhaust outlet, and the other path of the airflow is discharged into the air blowing pipeof the suction nozzle from the air inducing port. The dust removal system for the road sweeper has the advantages that an airflow circuit is arranged in the dustbin, one path of the air discharged from the draught fan is divided to be introduced into the suction nozzle and blown out to blow up land surface garbage, gravitational dust removal is combined with an inertial dust removal and air circulation technology so that the working speed can be improved, and flying dust can be reduced; the upper exhaust outlet is provided with an adjusting device, the air supplement size of the suction nozzleis controlled for different road conditions, the suction rate of the suction nozzle is increased to the utmost extent, and the working speed and sweeping rate of the road sweeper are greatly increased.