The invention provides a self-service type article transmitting and receiving system which comprises a server, a mobile terminal and self-service deliver boxes. The server comprises a box body maintaining unit and a box opening processing unit, the mobile terminal comprises an article sending request unit and a feedback receiving unit, each self-service deliver box comprises only one identification, a plurality of box bodies of different types, an input device and a box body control unit, and the box bodies are used for storing articles. The invention further provides a self-service type article transmitting and receiving method and the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal launches the request to the server, the server controls the self-service deliver boxes to deliver articles, self-service delivery can be carried out through the popularized mobile terminal and the self-service deliver boxes, delivery procedures are simplified, and delivery efficiency is improved.