57results about How to "Good reliability and durability" patented technology

A multi-input optical switch can include a base plate that carries at least one photo sensor and multiple LEDs which are arranged at positions separated by approximately the same angular interval. A first mask can be formed in an approximately cylindrical shape and can include multiple through holes. A second mask can be formed as an approximately flat light blocking plate, and can include a translucent area. A translucent light guiding body can include an approximately flat plate portion, a protruded portion which extends downward from a center portion of the plate portion, a rod portion which extends upward from the center portion of the plate portion, a first total reflection surface and a second total reflection surface. A third mask can be provided with a tubular cup shape that diverges downward, and has an opening at a bottom end, a step portion at an intermediate position thereof, and at least one through hole on an upper cylindrical wall above the step portion. A rod portion of the light guiding body can be operated to freely tilt, rotate, and move up and down.

A laminate-type piezoelectric element has a ceramic laminated body obtained by alternately laminating piezoelectric layers made of a piezoelectric material and inner electrode layers having electrical conductivity. Outer electrodes are joined to side surfaces of the ceramic laminated body via an electrically conductive adhesive. The electrically conductive adhesive has buried therein mesh bodies obtained by forming a mesh by using a nonmetallic material. The mesh bodies are desirably constituted by using any one of a resin, ceramic, carbon or glass.

A spark plug for internal-combustion engines equipped with a center electrode and a ground electrode is provided. In the spark plug, the ground electrode is fixed to a mount fitting, while the ground electrode has a convex portion. The convex portion is made of a part of base materials of the ground electrode where the part is facing the center electrode, and is projected toward the center electrode. The convex portion has a fusion solidification part made of precious metal materials and a part of the base materials melted together and solidified at least on part of an electric discharge surface facing the center electrode.

A multi-input optical switch can include a base plate that carries at least one photo sensor and multiple LEDs which are arranged at positions separated by approximately the same angular interval. A first mask can be formed in an approximately cylindrical shape and can include multiple through holes. A second mask can be formed as an approximately flat light blocking plate, and can include a translucent area. A translucent light guiding body can include an approximately flat plate portion, a protruded portion which extends downward from a center portion of the plate portion, a rod portion which extends upward from the center portion of the plate portion, a first total reflection surface and a second total reflection surface. A third mask can be provided with a tubular cup shape that diverges downward, and has an opening at a bottom end, a step portion at an intermediate position thereof, and at least one through hole on an upper cylindrical wall above the step portion. A rod portion of the light guiding body can be operated to freely tilt, rotate, and move up and down.

A control device for a throttle valve is provided, which, by dispensing a position sensor for the throttle valve, can reduce a cost of the sensor and which is excellent in durability and reliability and is reduced in its control delay. The control device includes an air flow sensor 1 for detecting an air flow rate flowing through an intake pipe of an internal combustion engine, a motor 33 for driving the throttle valve 2 disposed in the intake pipe and an ECU 15 for controlling the driving operation of the motor. The ECU 100 feedback-controls the output of the air flow sensor so that a difference between the output of the air flow sensor 1 and an air flow rate required for the engine reduces.

For a manually propelled wheelchair having a rear wheel located on either side of the wheelchair, each rear wheel including an annular or round push rim of substantially uniform, uninterrupted cross section, a grip attachment attachable to the rim used by an occupant of the wheelchair to propel the wheelchair. The grip attachment includes a gripping body having a preferably convex palm-pushing surface on a posterior side thereof and a preferably concave finger-pulling surface on an anterior side thereof. A rim-engaging member having an annular or circular-shaped attached to each rear wheel is adapted to cooperate with the gripping body to clampingly secure the gripping body to the rim in a laterally outwardly extending orientation. By this arrangement, an occupant may propel the wheelchair forwardly by exerting palm pressure against the posterior side and rearwardly by exerting finger pressure against the anterior side. Preferably, a plurality of grip attachments are installed in evenly spaced orientation around each rim.

This invention provides a stacked piezoelectric element that has excellent durability and reliability by ensuring reliable electrical conduction between internal electrode layer and conductive adhesive, and a method of fabricating such a stacked piezoelectric element, wherein the stacked piezoelectric element 1 comprises: a ceramic stack 10 constructed by alternately stacking piezoelectric layers 11 made of a piezoelectric material and internal electrode layers 21, 22 having electrical conductivity; and external electrodes 32 bonded to the side faces 101 and 102 of the ceramic stack 10 via an electrically conductive adhesive 31. The side faces 101 and 102 of the ceramic stack 10 are provided with electrode recesses 23 each formed by indenting a portion of the edge of each of the internal electrode layers 21, 22 in the stacking direction thereof thereby forming a gap between it and the overlying piezoelectric layer 11, and the conductive adhesive 31 is applied so as to enter the electrode recesses 23 from the side faces 101 and 102 of the ceramic stack 10.

A piezoelectric actuator includes comb teeth-shaped piezoelectric actuators, each comprising plural piezoelectric layers. A side surface of each tooth is fired. Actuators are made by (1) preparing a plurality of piezoelectric material green sheets on which electrode films are formed and forming slits on a first green sheet using a punch and a die, (2) pulling up the first green sheet using a stripper, (3) pulling up a top portion of the punch slightly from the lowest portion of the pulled up first green sheet, (4) forming second slits in a second green sheet by the punch, (5) pulling up the second green sheet jointly with the first green sheet, and (6) pulling up the top portion of the punch slightly from the lowest portion of the pulled up second green sheet, and thereafter laminating green sheets by repeating steps (4) through (6). The layers can thereafter be fired.

The invention discloses a sludge superficial layer curing agent solidification continuous construction method. The curing agent and the sludge are uniformly stirred, then the construction surface is compacted by using stirring equipment, the compacted construction surface is a construction unit, an iron plate is laid below an excavator, the construction unit serves as an operation platform, and the sludge in connected areas is continuously processed according to a construction mode of block-by-block construction and a well-shaped propulsion. The sludge solidification structure with relatively low water content in china is to being buried in different places after being treated, a shallow-layer sludge consolidation continuously construction method is adopted in foreign countries, but geotechnical cloth, gravel and boards need to be laid on the surface of the solidified sludge so that the continuously construction can be carried out, the construction method only has the transverse construction and no the longitudinal construction, and the plate body stabilization layer is not provided with a plate frame structure. According to the construction method, with the water content of more than 130%, the transverse and longitudinal construction method is adopted to realize the shallow-layer sludge consolidation continuous plate frame structure construction, and the construction is more flexible, simple and effective compared with the foreign countries.

A hollow laminated piezoelectric element having excellent durability and reliability and capable of obtaining a high output, and a method of manufacturing the hollow laminated piezoelectric element are provided. A hollow laminated piezoelectric element 1 comprises a ceramic laminate 10 that is formed by having alternately laminated piezoelectric layers 11 made of a piezoelectric material and internal electrode layers 21 and 22 having conductivity and by having a center through hole 14 formed to pass through the ceramic laminate 10 along a lamination direction. The ceramic laminate 10 has an internally terminated structure in the inside periphery having at least a portion of inside peripheral ends of the internal electrode layers 21 and 22 terminated within the ceramic laminate 10 so that at least a portion of the inside peripheral ends of the internal electrode layers 21 and 22 is not exposed to the inside peripheral surface 104 of the ceramic laminate 10. The inside peripheral surface 104 of the ceramic laminate 10 has inside peripheral slits 13 having trenches provided in the peripheral direction toward the inside of the piezoelectric layers 11 from the inside peripheral surface 104.