The present invention is directed to a vector and its use to generate genetically modified animals and cells. One aspect of this invention involves a vector that comprises a
sperm cell and one or more
polynucleotide molecules bound to a
sperm cell through one or more non-
liposome based linkers. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the
linker is a
protein or polypeptide, preferably
sperm specific such as an
antibody that binds with the external surface of the
sperm cell. In another aspect of the present invention, genetically modified cells or animals are derived from the fertilization of an animal
egg cell with the vector described. In one preferred embodiment, genetic modification occurs with the
polynucleotide molecule integrating, wholly or partially, into the
cell or animal's
genome. Another aspect of the present invention includes cells, such as sperm cells or egg cells, and cell lines that are derived from these genetically modified animals or their descendants. In another aspect of the present invention, the genetically modified animals derived from the use of the sperm vector described above possess certain desired characteristics. Examples of these characteristics include faster growth rates,
disease or
pathogen resistance, high production of certain proteins in milk, and organs suitable for animal to human
xenotransplantation.