710 results about "Winter wheat" patented technology

The invention discloses a water-saving fertilizer-saving method for crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The water-saving fertilizer-saving method comprises a wheat planting method and a maize planting method, wherein the wheat planting method and the maize planting method both comprise steps of seeding, fertilizing, irrigating, field management, chemical weeding, pest control, harvesting and the like, and all the wheat and maize straws are returned to the fields. By means of the water-saving fertilizer-saving method, the effect of water saving, fertilizer saving and high yield is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased, and fertilizing labor intensity and cost are reduced.

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural remote sensing, and relates to a crop yield estimation method based on scale transformation and data assimilation and application of the crop yield estimation method to the guiding of crop production. The method comprises the following concrete steps that: 1, parameters are collected for completing spatialization of a WOFOST crop model; 2, a crop type distribution map and a purity percentage map of the crops to be tested are obtained; 3, TMLAI in a range of 30m is obtained; 4, a secondary scale conversion model is built, and a time sequence scale regulating LAI is generated; 5, the crop model error and the remote sensing observation error in a key phonological period of the crops to be tested are obtained; 6, a four-dimensional variation cost function is built, and an optimized crop model parameter is obtained; and 7, the per unit yield of the crops to be tested in a county region is output. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the problem of scale mismatching between a remote sensing observation picture element and a crop model simulation unit is solved; the precision of a data assimilation model is improved; and the method is suitable for the crop yield estimation in the county region scale, and is particularly suitable for the winter wheat yield estimation in the county region scale.

The invention relates to a fertilizing method, in particular to a winter wheat-summer maize rotation high-yield cultivation fertilizing method. The fertilizing method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: applying compound / mixed fertilizer of 600-750kg / hm<2> in a wheat planting season and dressing controlled release urea of 150-225kg / hm<2> in a period of seedling establishment, and changing traditional wheat ripening stage harvesting into full ripening stage harvesting, wherein the full ripening stage means that the wheat grain weight is maximum; sowing seeds and the fertilizer simultaneously at a time in a maize planting season, wherein a seed fertilizer is controlled release urea of 450-600kg / hm<2>+P2O5 of 90-225kg / hm<2>+K2O of 90-150kg / hm<2>, or controlled release BB fertilizer of 550-750kg / hm<2>; moreover, harvesting after maize kernel milk lines disappear. According to the fertilizing method disclosed by the invention, annual balanced increase production can be realized, the yield of wheat and maize double cropping cultivation is increased, and the labor cost is reduced; the invention provides the winter wheat-summer maize rotation high-yield cultivation fertilizing method.

The invention relates to a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer special for winter wheat, and an application method for the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer. The water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in part by weight: 40 to 50 parts of urea, 20 to 32 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 to 18 parts of potassium chloride, 6 to 12 parts of potassium humate, 1 to 2 parts of borax, 1 to 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of copper sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of manganese sulfate and 0.3to 0.5 part of amino acid. Water and fertilizer are supplied to wheat in a spray irrigation mode, a small amount of fertilizer is applied for multiple times, the fertilizer application amount, the irrigation amount and a water and fertilizer requirement rule of the winter wheat are basically matched, the continuous nutrient requirement of the winter wheat in a long growth period can be met, the ear rate is improved, and the obvious production and income increasing effect can be achieved. By the invention, boundaries of furrows and ridges in a field can be broken, and the land utilization rate is improved by over 5 percent.

The invention discloses a method for estimating the yield of winter wheat by assimilating the characteristics of a leaf area index time-sequence curve. The method is implemented through the following steps: S1, performing global sensitivity analysis on a crop model and completing parameter regionalization of the crop model; S2, synthesizing the MODIS LAI (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer leaf area index) time-sequence curve; S3, performing filtering processing on the LAI time-sequence curve; S4, performing curve fitting and extracting key characteristic points; S5, operating the crop model in area coverage, performing curve fitting on the LAI time-sequence curve obtained by simulation and extracting the key characteristic points on the curve; and S6, establishing a cost function according to dates of three key characteristic points which are respectively obtained in S4 and S5, taking remote sensing observation error as weight for summating and further getting a total cost function, minimizing the total cost function to rapidly converge the cost function, and finally gathering according to an administrative boundary when convergence conditions are met and outputting a yield result. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the assimilation precision is improved, the affects caused by the situation that an MODIS LAI product system is lower are overcome and the method is further suitable for estimating the yield of the winter wheat at regional scale.

The invention discloses a machine-applied controlled-release fertilizer special for winter wheat and a preparation method thereof. The machine-applied controlled-release fertilizer special for the winter wheat is prepared from the following raw materials: by weight, 30-35 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 10-12 parts of urea, 15-18 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 4-6 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-2 parts of borax, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulphate, 4-6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 3-4 parts of meerschaum powder, 1-2 parts of barite powder, 1-2 parts of silane coupling agent KH550, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of waste engine oil, and proper amounts of chlorinated paraffin and wintergreen oil. In the formula of the machine-applied controlled-release fertilizer special for the winter wheat, the bamboo charcoal powder and the meerschaum powder can absorb trace elements and play a slow-release effect. The urea is melted and coats the trace elements, so that the urea and the trace elements can be simultaneously released so as to benefit synergy among fertilizers. The waste engine oil coats the trace elements so as to play the slow-release effect. When the fertilizer is applied, compared with a traditional fertilizer, the machine-applied controlled-release fertilizer special for the winter wheat can be used in single-dose application without additional fertilization. Wheat yield can be increased by 16% to 28%, and soil fertility also can be improved.

The invention provides a winter wheat water consumption predicting method based on weather forecast information. With comprehensive consideration of influences of the crop self-growth-and-development situation and the environment factors including the meteorological condition, the soil condition and the like, a prediction model for estimating the reference crop water requirement (ET0) based on the weather forecast information and a model for estimating a winter wheat crop coefficient based on accumulative temperature are established through field trials and numerical simulation, the prediction model and the model for estimating the winter wheat crop coefficient are coupled into a water balance equation, real-time prediction is conducted on the soil moisture content of winter wheat in a Guangli irrigated area and a people victory canal irrigated area, and irrigation date and irrigating water quota are determined according to irrigating index of different growth periods of the winter wheat so that real-time monitoring of the soil moisture content, drought severity comprehensive analysis and real-time prediction of crop irrigation are achieved. The visual decision basis is provided for an irrigation management layer and a decision maker, timely and appropriate amount of irrigation is instructed for the irrigated areas, and the utilization rate and utilization efficiency of an irrigation water resource of the irrigated areas are improved.

The invention discloses a sowing high-yield cultivation method for wheat in arid land and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of food crops in the arid land. The sowing high-yield cultivation technical method for the wheat in the arid land includes the following steps: a plowing layer is deepened through deep plowing, and accumulation of rainfall is increased; all applied fertilizer serves as base fertilizer by being combined with the deep plowing and is applied into soil deeply; after soil preparation, ridges are not formed, and flat-planting is conducted with equal line spacing. The sowing high-yield cultivation method for the wheat in the arid land is suitable for Shandong province and Huang-Huai-Hai winter wheat dry farming areas. The yield-increasing potential of the wheat in the arid land can be fully exploited, and the fertilizer and water utilization efficiency is improved. The cost is lowered, and the land output is increased. The agricultural water is saved, and the yield of the wheat in the arid land is improved. Good economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are generated. In June 2012, experts from units such as China Agricultural University and the provincial agricultural technology extension master station conduct yield prediction and acceptance check to arid land wheat high-yield demonstration fields of the sowing high-yield cultivation method. As is shown by on-site repeating survey by the experts, the average yield per mu of ten mu of high-yield tackling fields achieves 703.5 kilograms, and therefore a new record for the average yield per mu of the wheat in the arid land in the country is set.

The invention discloses a high yield growing method of winter wheat, which comprises the following steps: soaking seeds in biogas slurry, performing soil preparation through combining intensive cultivation before seeding, applying basal fertilizer, dressing biogas slurry at the later jointing stage of wheat, spraying leaf fertilizer at the booting stage of wheat, spraying biologics fertilizer at the heading stage of wheat and spraying water retention fertilizer at the watery stage of wheat; the growing method disclosed by the invention is convenient, practical and low in cost, reduces adverse effects of nitrogen fertilizer pollution and serious pesticide residue during production of high quality wheat, improves kernel quality, and solves the problems about high quality cultivation of wheat, resource utilization of agricultural wastes and agricultural sustainable development.

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine compound leaf fertilizer for winter wheat and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine compound leaf fertilizer for winter wheat is prepared from seaweed, pyrethrum, radix aconiti kusnezoffii, pepper leaves, mint leaves, phytosterol, fulvic acid, ascorbic acid, chitooligosaccharide, abamectin, monopotassium phosphate, urea, boric acid, calcium superphosphate, microelements, a chelating agent, a bonding agent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent, a stabilizing agent and a penetrating agent. The traditional Chinese medicine compound leaf fertilizer for winter wheat contains a seaweed extracting solution, multiple microelements, traditional Chinese medicines, phytosterol and the like, is reasonable in nutrient formula and has sterilization and deinsectization functions, physiological diseases that easily occur to winter wheat can be prevented, and the resistance of crops is enhanced; the preparation method is simple; nutrients are released in a balanced manner; the traditional Chinese medicine compound leaf fertilizer for winter wheat has the functions of fertilizer efficiency, sterilization and deinsectization and is sufficient in fertilizer efficiency and high in utilization rate of fertilizer, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.

The invention discloses a remote sensing data-based leaf area indexes (LAI) inversion method for winter wheat in different growth periods. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining LAI actual measurement data; obtaining remote sensing data and performing preprocessing; dividing the whole growth period of the winter wheat into three stages, selecting five vegetation indexes NDVI, EVI, EVI2, RVI and OSAVI to perform LAI inversion of the winter wheat in the whole growth period and the different growth periods, and analyzing a relationship, in unary linear, exponential, logarithmic and power function forms, between the LAI actual measurement data and each vegetation index; comparing different index inversion results of the winter wheat in the different growth periods; and obtaining an optimal index inversion and fitting model of the winter wheat in the different growth periods according to the comparison of the different index inversion results of the winter wheat in the different growth periods. The method shows that GF-1 data has a very good application prospect in crop growth remote sensing research, and the situation that Chinese agricultural remote sensing monitoring depends on foreign data for a long term can be effectively improved.

The invention relates to a balanced fertilization method under the condition of wheat / corn one-year-two-harvest cultivation total straw returning. In the winter wheat season, corn ears are harvested when corn is ripe, straw and root remains are smashed, or the straw and the root remains are smashed while the corn ears are harvested by a machine, the corn straw and the root remains are smashed once again before soil preparation, base fertilizer is applied, soil is subjected to rotary tillage or is subjected to ploughing to bury the corn straw, then rotary tillage is conducted, wheat is sown, and topdressing is carried out in the jointing stage; in the summer corn season, wheat is harvested by the machine when being ripe, meanwhile, wheat straw is smashed, the wheat straw is made to cover the field, then corn is subjected to no-till machine seeding or manual dibble seeding, wheat stubble cleaning is carried out at the corn seedling stage, topdressing is performed at the belltop stage and the anthesis maturity period, or the corn is subjected to no-till machine seeding, meanwhile, seed fertilizer is applied, and topdressing is performed at the belltop stage and the anthesis maturity period. According to the balanced fertilization method, wheat and corn are used as one fertilization unit, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing method are balanced, the full stand and healthy seedling and the high and stable yield of wheat and corn are guaranteed, soil organic matter is increased, the soil fertility is raised, sustainable highyield is achieved, and the fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a winter wheat area estimation method based on remote-sensing time series data, which is based on the remote-sensing time series data, and comprises the steps that remote-sensing vegetation index time series data is converted into a wavelet coefficient spectrum by continuous wavelet conversion; wavelet coefficient binary images representing annual vegetation change characteristics of pixels in a study region are established on the basis; the wavelet coefficient binary images of a plurality of known winter wheat sampling points are superposed; standard wavelet coefficient binary images of winter wheat in the study region are generated; the wavelet coefficient binary images of the pixels in the study region and the standard wavelet coefficient binary images of the winter wheat are superposed one by one; winter wheat identification criteria are established after statistic superposition; the pixels are subjected to winter wheat identification one by one; and finally a winter wheat planting area of the whole study region is obtained by summarizing and computing. The method can effectively solve the problems that annual variance amplitude of the original vegetation index is inconsistent due to various factors, and has the advantages of high anti-noise capacity, good classification accuracy, wide application scope and the like.

The invention provides a special rapeseed fertilizer consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of agricultural straws, 20-30 parts of enveloped sulfur urea, 10-12 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10-12 parts of enveloped ammonium sulfate, 16-18 parts of enveloped potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of plant ashes, 1-2 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of boric acid, 10-12 parts of cinerite, 5-7 parts of wood charcoals, 3-4 parts of neem fruit powders, 3-4 parts of radix stemonae powders, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of quartz sands, 18-22 parts of decomposed coals, 3-4 parts of carboxymethylcellulose, 15-20 parts of 30% of sulfuric acid, 5-10 parts of limes, 10-15 parts of animal hairs and 4-6 parts of wintergreen oil. The special rapeseed fertilizer is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: conducting acidolysis on hairs to generate amino acid, then generating a micro element fertilizer liquid and an intermediate element fertilizer liquid chelated with amino acid, then sintering the quartz sands to prepare a fertilizer carrier, fermenting an organic fertilizer, mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the carrier, the organic fertilizer and a vegetable insecticide, then granulating, and finally adopting the wintergreen oil for enveloping. According to the special rapeseed fertilizer provided by the invention, the fertilizer utilization ratio is improved obviously, the slow release effect is achieved, the fertilizer application amount is lowered, the pesticide residual is lowered, the output and the quality of winter wheat are improved, and the effects of turning waste into wealth and recycling economy are realized.

The invention relates to a winter wheat one-step fertilization method. The method includes 1, in a plain wheat producing area allowing machines to enter easily, after last crops are harvested, performing soil preparation by plowing and subsoiling deeply combined with rotary tilling; 2, allowing a wheat seeder to sow seeds and fertilize by one step, and omitting the post additional fertilization. The nitrogenous fertilizer application is determined according to controlled release nitrogen fertilizer release period, special wheat biodegradable controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is applied or matching with 10% to 20% humic acid urea; or thermosetting / thermal plastic resin coated controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is applied independently or matching with 10% to 30% quick acting urea; phosphate fertilizer is one of phosphate ammonium, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate or triple superphosphate; potassium fertilizer is one of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. By the one-step fertilization method, fertilizer investment can be saved, the ecological environment can be optimized, labor force is saved, and more benefit can be gained.

The invention discloses a directed cultivation method for a drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat. The directed cultivation method mainly comprises the following steps: A, selectively pairing and hybridizing excellent complementary parent materials; and B, carrying out directed cultivation to select a new strain with strong drought resistance and high yield, wherein the step B iscarried out according to the following operations: B-1, planting early-generation F1-4 materials under high water and fertilizer conditions, and selecting based on yielding ability; and B-2, taking higher-generation materials (above generation F5) in duplicate, respectively planting under high water and fertilizer conditions and drought stress conditions in an inter-generation water-drought alternation manner, and selecting the new strain with strong drought resistance and high yield. The selected new variety of winter wheat has outstanding drought resistance and water-saving property, and has the characteristics of high yielding potential and strong stress resistance.

The present invention relates to a winter wheat plantation area calculation method based on a winter wheat area index. The comprises: performing preprocessing of multi-date remote sensing image, and obtaining the NDVI data in a winter wheat growth period; dividing the multi-date remote sensing image into regular nets, setting weight sample central points on the regular girds, and employing a visual interpretation mode to determine the types of the samples in the girds as winter wheat and non-winter wheat; obtaining the NDVI values corresponding to the weight sample central points in the multi-date gird data, respectively calculating the NDVI mean values of the winter wheat and non-winter wheat, comparing the size of the two and setting the weight; performing weight operation of the NDVI mean values according to the weight setting result to obtaining the winter wheat area index; and employing a self-adaptive mode to extract the winter wheat area index optimal threshold value, and obtaining the plantation area of the winter wheat. The winter wheat plantation area calculation method based on the winter wheat area index can realize the high-precision calculation of the winter wheat area of the area scale of the multi-date high resolution images, the degree automation of the method is high, and the consistency of the identification result is high.

The invention discloses a method for estimating the leaf area index (LAI) of patch scale winter wheat based on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing satellite imagery, comprising: step 1, obtaining LAI data of a sampling point in a key growth period of winter wheat before heading; step2, obtaining a high-spatial-resolution remote sensing image covering a winter wheat field experimental research area, performing processing, and obtaining a vegetation index corresponding to the sampling point in step 1 through the band calculation; step 3, partially applying the LAI data and the vegetation index to construct models, and using the rest as verification data; step 4, verifying the constructed models with the verification data, obtaining decision coefficients R2 and root mean square errors of the model, and selecting a model of the maximum decision coefficient R2 and the minimal root mean square error as the optimal model; and step 6, applying the obtained optimal model to estimation of theleaf area index of the patch scale winter wheat.

The invention relates to a technical method for high-efficient breeding of wheat, which comprises low-temperature vernalization, south breeding and generation adding, shuttle breeding, multi-point combined identification and the like. In particular, the technical method comprises the following steps of: treating the seeds obtained after the strong-winterness wheat blossoms for 15 to 20 days by hydrogen peroxide, washing the seeds by pure water, sprouting the seeds at the room temperature, putting the seedlings growing to 1 to 2 centimeters in an artificial weather room, performing the green-body vernalization of the seedlings for 45 and 50 days at a temperature of between 3 and 5 DEG C and a relative humidity of 70 percent and under a light intensity of 15001x; hardening the seedlings of the winter wheat undergoing the vernalization treatment at the normal temperature for 1 to 2 days, and transporting the seedlings to Yuanmou in Yunnan province; and preparing a rice seedling bed, watering and soaking the rice seedling bed, discharging visible water before transplanting, and transplanting the seedlings in mud at dusk. The disease resistance, stress resistance, adaptability and yieldstability selections of breeding materials are carried out by shuttle breeding and multi-point combined identification and the like. The technical method for breeding provides rich reserve of raw materials for the rapid improvement of the wheat variety, and also lays a sold foundation for demonstration and popularization of a new variety in large areas.

The invention provides a special winter wheat base fertilizer consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of tea-seed pancakes, 4-5 parts of sulfur coated urea, 18-20 parts of enveloped diammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of coal ashes, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of boric acid, 10-12 parts of sepiolite, 5-7 parts of bamboo charcoals, 3-4 parts of celastrus orbiculatus powders, 3-4 parts of oleander powders, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of iron ores, 18-22 parts of cow dung, 3-4 parts of carboxymethylcellulose, 15-20 parts of 30% of sulfuric acid, 5-10 parts of limes, 10-15 parts of bean pulps and 4-6 parts of epoxidized soybean oil. The special winter wheat base fertilizer is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps: conducting acidolysis on hairs to generate amino acid, then generating a micro element fertilizer liquid and an intermediate element fertilizer liquid chelated with amino acid, then sintering the iron ores to prepare a fertilizer carrier, fermenting an organic fertilizer, mixing nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the carrier, the organic fertilizer and a vegetable insecticide, then spraying the micro element fertilizer liquid and the intermediate element fertilizer chelated with amino acid, granulating, and finally adopting the epoxidized soybean oil for enveloping. According to the special winter wheat base fertilizer provided by the invention, the fertilizer utilization ratio is improved obviously, the slow release effect is achieved, the fertilizer application amount is lowered, the pesticide residual is lowered, and the output and the quality of winter wheat are improved.

The invention relates to a method for fertilizing winter wheat by the mixed basal application of a nitrogen fertilizer and maize straw. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) crushing summer maize straw in fields, returning to the fields completely, and spraying a nitrogen fertilizer solution on the surface of the crushed maize straw uniformly; (2) performing rotary tillage or ploughing; (3) sowing the winter wheat, and applying a phosphorus fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer in a seed manure application mode; and (4) dressing the nitrogen fertilizer onceat the elongation stage of the winter wheat. According to the method, by a field returning mode of spraying the nitrogen fertilizer on the surface of the maize straw, a carbon nitrogen ratio of the straw is regulated, and the nutritional environment which facilitates the growth of straw decomposition microbes is constructed, so that the growth of the microbes is facilitated, the decomposition speed of the straw is improved, inorganic nitrogen of the fertilizer is converted into organic nitrogen, the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved; and at the middle and late growth stage of the wheat, the amount of the organic nitrogen released by mineralizing the maize straw through the microbes is gradually increased, so that the growth requirement of the wheat at the middle and late growth stage on a nitrogen element is met.

The invention discloses a fertilizer specially used for a winter wheat base fertilizer. The fertilizer is prepared from silkworm bombycis, peanut bran, fulvic acid, diatomite, biological bacteria, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, goose feathers, carboxymethylcellulose, sulfuric acid having a concentration of 30%, lime, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, garlic powder, nanoscale iron ore tailing powder, radix euphorbiae lantu powder and wintergreen oil according to a certain weight ratio. In the invention, the goose feathers are hydrolyzed by acids and medium and trace elements are chelated and carboxymethylcellulose improves a chelate structure, is conducive to effective utilization of the medium and trace elements, and reduces invalid release of the medium and trace elements. A formula of the fertilizer provided by the invention utilizes an inorganic slowly-released component of diatomite and a soil improvement component of fulvic acid so that soil is improved and effective release of active fertilizer ingredients and full crop uptake are promoted, and utilizes garlic powder, nanoscale iron ore tailing powder and radix euphorbiae lantu powder as biological insecticidal components so that plant insect pests in soil are effectively reduced and safety and no pollution on the environment and crops are realized. The fertilizer provided by the invention has the reasonable formula, contains comprehensive and uniform nutrients, has good use effects, obviously improves fertilizer efficiency, greatly improves a yield and quality of winter wheat, and improves economic benefits of winter wheat.

The invention relates to a ridge-covering and trench-sowing cultivation and fertilization technology of dryland winter wheat, which comprises the following steps of: preparing land, applying a base fertilizer, forming ridges with the widths of 35-40cm and covering a white plastic film on the ridges; preserving a ridge width of 30-35cm between two ridges; sowing wheat in grooves with a row distance of 15-20cm and a rowing amount of 150-225 kg / ha; uncovering the film during the total growth fertility period of the wheat so as to keep the strip film covering the soil surface; ditching and topdressing a nitrogen fertilizer of 30-45 kg / hm between wheat rows when the soil starts to defrost in spring and the wheat starts to turn green; milling in time after topdressing the fertilizer; keeping the plastic film covering the ridges after wheat is harvested; and returning all straws to be covered in grooves among the ridges for stimulating the rainfall infiltration in summer and lessening the water evaporation loss of the soil. The invention can stimulate the formation and the transferring of dry substances to grains, remarkably improves the ear grain number and the thousand grain weight and remarkably increases the wheat yield.

The invention relates to an effective sampling method for establishing a sampling frame and designing auxiliary variables to realize crop area measurement under the support of historical remote sensing product data, wherein CACVM (crop acreage coefficient of variance in multi-years) and Mean respectively represent the change rate and average size of the crop cultivated area for multiple years in a sampling unit; and the two indexes are respectively used as the layered marker of the first stage and second stage of a two-stage layered sampling method. The Daxing, Fangshan, Shunyi and Tongzhou counties which have the concentrated cultivated areas of winter wheat in Beijing are used as research regions to be tested, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of the method provided by the invention.

The invention relates to a regulation and control method for water-fertilizer integral water-saving and fertilizer-saving efficient culture of winter wheat, which belongs to the technical field of water-fertilizer irrigation. The method is characterized by being carried out through controlling water-fertilizer integration, and comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer before soil preparation, then sowing with enough soil moisture, pressing after sowing, and irrigating once during an elongation stage after reviving of the winter wheat, a booting stage and a filling stage respectively, and carrying out topdressing during irrigation through dissolving fertilizer into water for irrigation, wherein the irrigation time in the elongation stage, the booting stage and the filling stage is the time when the relative water content of soil with the depth of 0 to 60 cm is less than or equal to 55 percent. The regulation and control method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate; by the establishment of the regulation and control method, the grasp and application on a corn water-saving and fertilizer-saving production technology by farmers in a droughty and water-lack area can be greatly facilitated, in addition, the farmers can take corresponding methods in time when drought occurs and in a fertilizer-needing key period, so that loss caused by wheat drought is reduced, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, and efficiency and yield increase is realized.

The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in the Huanghuaihai region. The high-yield cultivation method comprises the following five main steps: (1) performing soil preparation and sowing; (2) managing before winter; (3) managing in spring; (4) managing in middle and later stages; and (5) harvesting. According to the technical mode of selecting a winter variety, returning straw to the field, applying fertilizers, performing deep loosening and deep digging, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, performing broad accurate sowing, mechanically pressing, watering in winter, backwards shifting nitrogen fertilizers, spraying once to prevent pests and diseases, dry and hot wind and lodging, and mechanically harvesting, the high-quality wheat variety which is high in yield, stable in yield and strong in lodging resistance is selected, the soil fertility is raised, seeds are sowed at proper time, the proper pre-winter management is performed, the survival rate of the wheat seedlings is increased, and the uneven growth is prevented; organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are reasonably combined, the technology of backwards shifting the nitrogen fertilizers and applying potassium in stages is applied, the nutrient needs of the wheat at different stages are sufficiently guaranteed, a reasonable group structure is established, the spikelet floret degeneration is reduced, the kernels per spike are increased, the functional period of green leaves is prolonged, the grain filling is promoted, the thousand seed weight is increased and the high-yield breakthrough is realized.

The invention relates to a method for cultivating winter wheat. The method comprises the following steps: soaking seeds into oxygenated micrometer / nanometer bubbly water of which the dissolved oxygen concentration is 40-60mg / L; intensively ploughing and preparing soil before sowing seeds; applying a base fertilizer, additionally fertilizing at the later stage of wheat jointing, spraying a leaf fertilizer at the booting stage of the wheat, spraying a biological fertilizer at the head sprouting stage of the wheat, and spraying a water-retaining fertilizer at the filling period of the wheat. The cultivating method is easy in operation, and is low in cost; the seed quality is enhanced, and the problems concerned with high-quality cultivation of wheat, resource utilization of agricultural waste and sustainable development of agriculture are solved.

The invention discloses a wheat dedicated composite coated fertilizer which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 34-40 parts of a castor cake, 18-25 parts of a rapeseed cake, 22-25 parts of wheat bran, 10-13 parts of a fishbone powder, 6-8 parts of clay, 100-110 parts of dry cow dung, 24-30 parts of bagasse, 1-2 parts of polyglutamic acid, 2-3 parts of urea formaldehyde, 35-40 parts of urea, 33-40 parts of ammonium phosphate, 18-24 parts of potassium chloride, 2-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6-8 parts of an EM agent, 8-10 parts of a soil improvement agent, and a proper amount of water. The fertilizer is reasonable in formula, more comprehensive and balanced in nutrition, and good in use effect; coating can play the sustained release role, and the fertilizer efficiency is allowed to be slowly released; moreover, with addition of polyglutamic acid, water and fertilizer retention abilities are improved, soil organic matters are increased, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate can be significantly improved, the wheat yield and quality are greatly improved, and thus economic benefits of winter wheat are improved.

The invention discloses an image evaluation index establishing method for nondestructive diagnosis of crop nitrogen nutrition. The method comprises the steps that wheat canopy images and the nitrogen content of leaves are obtained; the wheat canopy images are subjected to partition extraction, average pixel values of R, G, B, H, S and I components of all non-zero pixel points of leaves in each wheat canopy image are calculated to serve as basic color characteristic parameters r, g, b, h, s and i; nine image characteristic parameters r, g, b, r-g-b, r-g, r-b, (r-g-b) / (r+g+b), (r-g) / (r+g+b), and (r-b) / (r+g+b) are calculated; CMI=(xr-yg-zb) is established, fitting with the nitrogen content of the leaves is carried out, weight coefficients x, y and z are determined, CMI is subjected to standardized processing, and it is determined that NCMI=(xr-yg-zb) / (r+g+b). The NCMI established in the method is a relatively-proper winter wheat nitrogen nutrition evaluation index, accuracy and stability are achieved, and the crop nitrogen content can be quantitatively evaluated.

The invention provides a potato drip irrigation planting method comprising seed selection, seed treatment, land selection, land preparation, sowing, drip irrigation tape laying, field management, and irrigation system determination. The irrigation system is that in years with normal rainfall, when soil water content is lower than 65% of a field maximum water holding capacity, sowing water irrigation is carried out once, wherein the amount of irrigation water is 20m<3> / mu; drip irrigation is carried out 1-2 times during a potato tuber formation stage and 2-3 times during a swelling stage, wherein the amount of irrigation water is 20m<3> / mu each time and the total amount of irrigation water is 60-100m<3> / mu. According to the invention, the potato drip irrigation method is used in northern areas; a potato and summer corn double-cropping system is used for replacing a winter wheat and summer corn double-cropping planting system with high water consumption, such that high yield and water saving effects are achieved, and economic benefit and water resource utilization are greatly improved.