63 results about "Vertical fracture" patented technology

An economic method for in situ maturing and production of oil shale or other deep-lying, impermeable resources containing immobile hydrocarbons. Vertical fractures are created using horizontal or vertical wells. The same or other wells are used to inject pressurized fluids heated to less than approximately 370° C., and to return the cooled fluid for reheating and recycling. The heat transferred to the oil shale gradually matures the kerogen to oil and gas as the temperature in the shale is brought up, and also promotes permeability within the shale in the form of small fractures sufficient to allow the shale to flow into the well fractures where the product is collected commingled with the heating fluid and separated out before the heating fluid is recycled.

Hydraulic fracturing an individual reservoir fracturing layer of a subterranean formation to produce heterogeneous proppant placement is given in which pillars of proppant are placed such that the pillars do not extend the entire height of the fracture (for a vertical fracture) but are themselves interrupted by channels so that the channels between the pillars form pathways that lead to the wellbore. The method combines methods of introducing slugs of proppant-carrying and proppant-free fluids through multiple clusters of perforations within a single fracturing layer of rock, with methods of ensuring that the slugs exiting the individual clusters do not merge.

The invention is a method and apparatus for initiating multiple azimuth controlled vertical hydraulic fractures in unconsolidated and weakly cemented sediments from a single bore hole to control the fracture initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures at differing azimuths. The multiple azimuth vertical fractures enable greater yield and increased recovery of petroleum fluids from the formation. An injection casing with multiple fracture initiation sections is inserted and grouted into a bore hole. A fracture fluid carrying a proppant is injected into the injection casing and opens fracture initiation sections to dilate the formation in a direction orthogonal to the first fracture azimuth plane. Following completion of the first fracture injection, the fracture fluid is injected into the injection casing and opens a set of second and subsequent fracture initiation sections dilating the formation and initiating and propagating a second and subsequent vertical hydraulic fractures at different azimuths to the first and subsequent earlier installed fractures. The injection casing initiation sections remains open after fracturing providing direct hydraulic connection between the production well bore, the permeable proppant filled fractures and the formation.

The present invention involves a method and apparatus for enhanced recovery of petroleum fluids from the subsurface by convective heating of the oil sand formation and the heavy oil and bitumen in situ by a downhole electric heater. Multiple propped vertical hydraulic fractures are constructed from the well bore into the oil sand formation and filled with a diluent. The heater and downhole pump force thermal convective flow of the heated diluent to flow upward and outward into the propped fractures and circulating back down and back towards the well bore heating the oil sands and in situ bitumen on the vertical faces of the propped fractures. The diluent now mixed with produced products from the oil sand re-enters the bottom of the well bore and passes over the heater element and is reheated to continue to flow in the convective cell. Thus the heating and diluting of the in place bitumen occurs predominantly circumferentially, i.e. orthogonal to the propped fracture, by diffusion from the propped vertical fracture faces progressing at a nearly uniform rate into the oil sand deposit. In situ hydrogenation and thermal cracking of the in place bitumen can provide a higher grade produced product. The heated low viscosity oil is produced through the well bore at the completion of the active heating phase of the process.

The present invention involves a method and apparatus for enhanced recovery of petroleum fluids from the subsurface by convective heating of the oil sand formation and the heavy oil and bitumen in situ by a downhole electric heater. Multiple propped vertical hydraulic fractures are constructed from the well bore into the oil sand formation and filled with a diluent. The heater and downhole pump force thermal convective flow of the heated diluent to flow upward and outward into the propped fractures and circulating back down and back towards the well bore heating the oil sands and in situ bitumen on the vertical faces of the propped fractures. The diluent now mixed with produced products from the oil sand re-enters the bottom of the well bore and passes over the heater element and is reheated to continue to flow in the convective cell. Thus the heating and diluting of the in place bitumen occurs predominantly circumferentially, i.e. orthogonal to the propped fracture, by diffusion from the propped vertical fracture faces progressing at a nearly uniform rate into the oil sand deposit. In situ hydrogenation and thermal cracking of the in place bitumen can provide a higher grade produced product. The heated low viscosity oil is produced through the well bore at the completion of the active heating phase of the process.

The present invention involves a method and apparatus for enhanced recovery of petroleum fluids from the subsurface by convective heating of the oil sand formation and the heavy oil and bitumen in situ by a downhole electric heater. Multiple propped vertical hydraulic fractures are constructed from the well bore into the oil sand formation and filled with a diluent. The heater and downhole pump force thermal convective flow of the heated diluent to flow upward and outward into the propped fractures and circulating back down and back towards the well bore heating the oil sands and in situ bitumen on the vertical faces of the propped fractures. The diluent now mixed with produced products from the oil sand re-enters the bottom of the well bore and passes over the heater element and is reheated to continue to flow in the convective cell. Thus the heating and diluting of the in place bitumen occurs predominantly circumferentially, i.e. orthogonal to the propped fracture, by diffusion from the propped vertical fracture faces progressing at a nearly uniform rate into the oil sand deposit. In situ hydrogenation and thermal cracking of the in place bitumen can provide a higher grade produced product. The heated low viscosity oil is produced through the well bore at the completion of the active heating phase of the process.

An automatic control system for throttle well killing fracture for automatically controlling the throttle circulation pressure is composed of vertical-fracture sensor, sleeve-fracture sensor, well-fracture liquid, drilling column, well, ring space, throttle pipes, vertical-fracture meter, sleeve-fracture meter, valve openness meter, manual three-position four-way valve, electric three-position four-way valve, throttle control box, valve sensor, hydraulic throttle valve, manual throttle valve, spraying pipeline, computer, sludge pool and level sensor for sludge pool. Its control method is also disclosed.

The invention provides a well test determination method for the vertical fracturing fracture azimuth of a low-permeability oil reservoir. The well test determination method comprises the steps that a plurality of stratum physical properties and fluid parameters are determined according to a well position structural diagram, a well completion geological report and a high pressure physical property analysis report; a stratum comprehensive compression coefficient is determined; active wells and observation wells are selected for an interference well test, and test time-bottom hole pressure data and test time-active well yield data of all the wells during the interference well test are recorded; an objective function is established according to bottom hole pressure data, of the active wells and the observation wells, obtained through the interference well test; stratum permeability and observation well location parameters are determined according to the objective function; the active well bottom hole vertical fracturing fracture azimuth is determined according to a conversion relationship equation of the azimuth and a rectangular coordinate system; and the fracture direction and permeability are determined. According to the well test determination method for the vertical fracturing fracture azimuth of the low-permeability oil reservoir, the accuracy of determination of the vertical fracturing fracture azimuth of the low-permeability oil reservoir is improved, and accurate parameters are provided for exploitation of the low-permeability oil reservoir.

The invention discloses an impeller of a centrifugal fan. The impeller of the centrifugal fan comprises a front coil (1) and a back coil (2). A plurality of blades (3) are welded and fixed between the front coil and the back coil, vertical fracture surfaces of the blades are undulate, and horizontal fracture surface are circular-arc-shaped. The vertical fracture surfaces of the blades simulate the shell shape of a humpback and the horizontal fracture surfaces of the blades simulate the dorsal fin shape of the humpback. The eddy separation position at outlets of the blades is changed, the distance between eddy centers is enlarged, and the disturbance of eddy separation to flow is restrained, so that aerodynamic noise is reduced. The impeller of the centrifugal fan has the advantages of bionic noise reduction, good aerodynamics, high efficiency and the like.

This patent delineates methods for quantifying and mitigating dip-induced azimuthal AVO effects in seismic fracture detection using Azimuthal AVO analysis by accurately accounting for the divergence correction and azimuthal dependence of the reflection angle. Solutions are provided for three cases: (1) dipping isotropic reservoirs; (2) anisotropic reservoirs with fractures aligned in arbitrary direction; and (3) anisotropic reservoirs where vertical fractures are aligned perpendicular to the dip direction.

The invention provides a system for synchronously collecting multi-particle size microplastic samples in water bodies of different depths. The system comprises a floater, a sinker and a vertical fracture surface connecting rope, wherein the floater is installed at an upper end of the vertical fracture surface connecting rope, the sinker is installed at a lower end of the vertical fracture surfaceconnecting rope, a plurality of microplastic sample collectors are uniformly distributed on the vertical fracture surface connecting rope, the microplastic sample collectors comprise active collectorsand passive collectors and are fixedly installed on the vertical fracture surface connecting rope through collector fixing parts, the upper end of the vertical fracture surface connecting rope is provided with a dragging rope, the other end of the dragging rope is installed on a dragging ship, and the dragging rope can be used for guaranteeing that the vertical fracture surface connecting rope keeps a vertical state during sampling. When used for collecting samples, the system can be used for synchronously collecting the microplastic samples of different depths and different particle sizes, the collection efficiency is improved, and the collection time is shortened.

The invention provides a method and device for measuring sediment concentrations of multiple points on a model through a laser, and belongs to the field of hydraulic model experiments. The method comprises the steps of water body sediment concentration and laser photo relationship calibration, water body sediment concentration measurement, water body sediment concentration calculation and water body sediment movement speed calculation; the device comprises an image acquisition module, a synchronization module, a laser device and a reflector, and the image acquisition module comprises an endoscope and an exposer. The method and device have the advantages that water disturbance is eliminated, and vertical distribution characteristics of sediments are obtained; the efficiency of measuring the sediment concentrations in the model experiments is improved; the sediment movement speed can be obtained; a brand-new sediment concentration measurement solution is provided.

The invention relates to a rapid calculation method for the porosity of a coal seam fracture. In the method, a fracture development occurrence identification part and a fracture porosity calculation part are utilized. In the fracture development occurrence identification part, according to the method, a deep lateral apparent resistivity difference is utilized and is particularly combined with the distribution condition of the resistivity of coal seam bed rocks, so as to be used for observing the development condition of a horizontal fracture, a vertical fracture and the combination thereof. In the fracture porosity calculation part, two groups of orthogonal or heterotropic fracture characteristics are mainly developed according to a coal seam; and the according to the method, three groups of computational formulas the number of which is 9 in total of the porosity of the fracture according to a fracture development occurrence identification result and a distribution range of the coal seam resistivity are determined. According to the method provided by the invention, by aiming at the characteristic of large resistivity difference or variation range of the coal seam, the method for determining the porosity of the coal seam fracture by utilizing double lateral loggings, which is established according to a resistivity distribution range, is extremely high in pertinence; and the method has the advantage of stronger practical applicability.

The invention provides a synchronous prediction method for horizontal fractures and vertical fractures of an orthogonal medium fracture type reservoir. The method comprises steps of firstly, expressing an orthotropic disturbance matrix by utilizing longitudinal and transverse wave moduli and fracture weakness; secondly, deriving an orthogonal medium linearized longitudinal wave reflection coefficient equation represented by longitudinal and transverse wave moduli, density and crack weakness by utilizing a scattering function and a disturbance matrix; and lastly, expressing the linearized longitudinal wave reflection coefficient as a Fourier series expression, and establishing a three-step inversion method to estimate longitudinal and transverse wave moduli, density and fracture weakness, and thereby realizing multi-parameter inversion of the orthotropic medium. The method is advantaged in that on the basis of a Scheenberg linear sliding model, that crack weakness with more definite physical significance is directly used for representing the development conditions of horizontal cracks and vertical cracks in an orthogonal medium is proposed; an orthogonal medium longitudinal wave reflection coefficient equation is expressed as a Fourier series form, and crosstalk influence of crack weakness caused by horizontal cracks and crack weakness caused by vertical cracks is reduced.

The invention discloses a device used for simulating diffusion and expansion characteristics of slurry in a vertical fracture of rock mass. The device includes a base seat, grid plates, support plates, rock mass debris layers and pressure sensors. The grid plates include a first grid plate and a second grid plate. The first grid plate and the second grid plate are fixedly disposed on the base seat. The support plates include a first support plate and a second support plate. The first support plate and the second support plate are respectively connected with the first grid plate and the secondgrid plate. The rock mass debris layers include a first rock mass debris layer and a second rock mass debris layer. The first rock mass debris layer and the second rock mass debris layer are respectively attached to the first support plate and the second support plate. Gasket pieces are embedded between two end sides of the first rock mass debris layer and two end sides of the second rock debris layer. The first rock mass debris layer, the second rock mass debris layer and the gasket pieces enclose a vertical fracture. The pressure sensors are disposed on the support plates. The diffusion andexpansion characteristics of the slurry in the vertical fracture of the rock mass can be simulated, and grouting construction quality is ensured.

A method for treating a hydrocarbon containing layer in a subsurface formation includes forming a plurality of substantially vertical fractures in the formation at selected intervals along a length of at least one production wellbore positioned substantially horizontally in the hydrocarbon containing layer. Heat is provided from a plurality of heaters to the hydrocarbon containing layer such that at least some hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing layer are mobilized. At least some of the plurality of heaters are positioned substantially horizontally in the hydrocarbon containing layer. At least some mobilized hydrocarbons are produced through at least one production wellbore.

The invention discloses an oil extraction method for establishing an oil permeable water stop sieve by filling fusheng sand in a horizontal well fracture, and relates to a new method for petroleum exploitation. The fusheng sand with an oil permeable and water stop function is filled in a horizontal well vertical fracture in the middle of a water injection well row and an oil extraction well row to serve as a supporting agent, so that an oil permeable and water stop sieve is formed in the middle of a water injection well and an oil extraction well, and a petroleum exploitation region is partitioned into a water injection region and an oil extraction region by the oil permeable and water stop sieve. Under the action of injection water pressure, when oil and water mixture passes through the oil permeable and water stop sieve, water is intercepted at the water injection region, and crude oil is then gathered on one side of the oil extraction region of the sieve through the sieve. After all petroleum of the water injection region completely passes through the sieve to enter the oil extraction region, the water injection pressure of the water injection region is abruptly increased, so that the sieve becomes a water permeable sieve, and the permeated water continuously pushes remaining oil at the oil extraction region to enter the oil well. By using the method, most of remaining oil of an oil field can be extracted, so that the petroleum recovery ratio is close to 100 percent.

The invention relates to a nut, in particular to a quick detachable nut, which comprises a nut and is characterized in that the middle parts of three spaced prismatic faces of the nut are respectively provided with a vertical fracture; both sides of the fracture at the outer side of the nut are respectively provided with a groove; the upper parts of the outer sides of the rest of three prismatic faces of the nut are respectively provided with a vertical trough; the middle parts of the outer sides of the rest of three prismatic faces of the nut are respectively provided with a step facing the inner side; the transversal middle positions of the lower parts of the outer sides of the rest of three prismatic faces of the nut are respectively and internally provided with a magnet; the outer side of the nut is provided with a nut jacket matched with the nut; and the corresponding faces of the inner side of the nut jacket are respectively provided with lugs which correspond to the fractures and locating pins which correspond to the troughs. Therefore, the quick detachable nut has a simple structure, convenience in use and rapidness in detachment.

The invention provides a production decline analysis method for a narrow river channel reservoir. The method includes establishing a physical model according to the reservoir condition and fracture parameters; coupling a fracture model and a stratum model; coupling and solving the fracture model and the stratum model, dispersing a fracture into N equal-length uniform flow segments, coupling and solving a reservoir analytical model and a fracture discrete model by using the superposition principle through the fracture wall surface flow and the pressure continuity conditions; adopting a direct calling circular closed reservoir F function to calculate a fracture conductivity influence function and establish a normalized fracture conductivity function and a new model for calculating a quasi-steady-state constant bDpss of finite-flow fractures; plotting a new pattern of vertical fracture well production decline in a circular closed reservoir based on the new model for calculating the quasi-steady-state constant bDpss of finite-flow fractures. The new pattern of production decline is applied in the production decline analysis. According to the method, the pressurized gas well productionanalysis accuracy is improved, and the method is applicable to mine applications.

Provided is a roadway surface displacement and deep displacement same-position measurement method. A roadway is at least provided with an observation station, holes are drilled in a top board and the middles of two sides of the same vertical fracture surface of each observation station, and deep displacement meters are installed into the holes respectively; roadway surface displacement observation points are marked on the deep displacement meters, and the roadway surface displacement is measured according to a cross observation method; according to the formula Si=|(Bn-B1)|-(Sni-Sli), the real deep displacement value is measured out. Conventional roadway surface displacement and deep displacement observation stations are arranged on two fracture surfaces, and the real deep displacement value is not accurate directly through the surface displacement observation value according to the formula Si=|(Bn-B1)|-(Sni-Sli), so that the roadway surface displacement and deep displacement observation station is installed on one fracture surface, errors caused by measurement data of different fracture surfaces are eliminated, and the result is more real. The method is easy to operate, safe, reliable, high in accuracy and wide in practicability and popularization.

The invention provides a grouting and water blocking method for a large inclined angle vertical fracture formation. The grouting and water blocking method is applied to construction of a coal mine vertical shaft and comprises the steps of defining of a working face, construction of a grout stop pad, back-filled grouting, working face pre-grouting and the like. The grouting and water blocking method combines the back-filled grouting with the working face pre-grouting, the back-filled grouting is performed before thee working face pre-grouting, a water sealing ring is constructed, and the grouting effect is strengthened; the working face pre-grouting construction is performed on the grout stop pad, the thickness of the grout stop pad is subjected to scientific calculation, grouting reinforcement is performed on the grout stop pad, the final grouting pressure can reach 12Mpa, the grouting diffusion radius is increased, and the grouting effect is enhanced; and the back-filled grouting andthe working face pre-grouting are combined, large inclined angle cracks developed in the direction of a wellbore are pre-grouted and plugged and reinforced to shield wellbore excavation and construction, and safe construction conditions are created.

The invention discloses a configuration structure of an 110KV double-bus PASS distribution device. Two groups of bus devices respectively corresponding to a 1M bus and a 2M bus are arranged at intervals of bus devices; each bus device is respectively provided with one group of vertical fracture isolation switches, one ends of the vertical fracture isolation switches are connected with the corresponding buses, and the other ends of the vertical fracture isolation switches are connected with a lightning arrester and a transformer through flexible wires; one 145kV three-port PASSMO combined electrical appliance is respectively arranged at each interval of incoming wires and outgoing wires of a main transformer; a 145kV two-port PASSMO combined electrical appliance is arranged at each interval of bus couplings; and the 1M bus and the 2M bus adopt a support type tubular bus made of Al-Mg-Si alloy, the 1M sleeves of the PASSMO combined electrical appliances are connected with a 1M tubular bus through hard wires, and the 2M sleeves are connected with a 2M tubular bus through soft wires. The 110KV double-bus PASS distribution device has a simple structure, complete functions and is safe and reliable, the occupied area is small, and the extension, repair and maintenance are facilitated.

The invention discloses a soil body vertical fracture model observation test device and test method. The device comprises a support, wherein the support is vertically fixed, and a soil body container is vertically arranged in the support; the soil body container is of a hollow cuboid structure, the observation soil sample is compacted in the soil body container, and the top of the soil body container is open; a CIS scanning module is vertically arranged on the support in a sliding mode, and an image sensor of the CIS scanning module is tightly attached to a vertical face of the soil body container; a driving mechanism is connected with the CIS scanning module and used for driving the CIS scanning module to vertically move along the vertical face of the soil body container. According to the test device, the observation soil sample in the soil body container is humidified or dehumidified, so the observation soil sample generates a vertical crack, and simulation of the vertical crack of the soil body is realized; the driving mechanism drives the CIS scanning module to vertically slide along the vertical face of the soil body container, the vertical crack information of an observed soil sample is obtained, and displacement field changes in the soil body cracking process are accurately determined. The test device is simple and high in precision.

The invention discloses a tight oil reservoir horizontal well post-fracturing segmented well testing analysis method based on fracturing tracing constraints, which comprises the following steps: in the fracturing process, obtaining concentration extraction curves of different tracers of ground flowback, and further obtaining variable production data; converting the obtained variable production data in each section of the horizontal well into fixed production data by utilizing a fracturing tracer flow interpretation model under the deconvolution constraint; determining a single infinite and limited flow guide vertical fracture horizontal well test model based on the fracturing tracing constraint by utilizing the fixed production data, and obtaining stratum parameters of each section of the horizontal well by utilizing the single infinite and limited flow guide vertical fracture horizontal well test model based on the fracturing tracing constraint; and according to the obtained stratum related parameters of each section of the horizontal well, drawing an output condition graph of each section of the oil reservoir horizontal well, calculating the contribution rate of each section of the horizontal well and obtaining stratum information of the whole section of the horizontal well. According to the method, the limitation of a conventional single monitoring means is overcome, and combined constraint explanation of multiple monitoring means is realized.

The invention discloses a method for predicting a fracture azimuth angle based on transverse wave polarization analysis. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, assuming that a single group of vertical fractures are distributed in a stratum, and acquiring converted waves of seismic waves; 2, determining a time window according to a wavefront moment and a wave tail moment; step 3, performing scanning iteration on the seismic signals in the time window from two ends to the middle, and ending iteration when the transverse wave polarization vector and the fast and slow wave time difference after each iteration and the result of the last iteration are smaller than a set value; 4, according to the crack direction vector obtained in the step 3, obtaining an included angle between the crack and the direction of a connecting line between the seismic source and the receiver; the azimuth angle is iteratively calculated based on polarization data in a fast and slow shear wave time window and a fast and slow shear wave cross-polarization hypothesis; the number of iterations is smaller, and the calculation speed is higher; the crack azimuth angle is calculated through iteration of multiple sample points, the influence of noise is reduced through multiple times of iteration, and the calculation precision is higher.

The invention provides a device and a method for feeding rare earth alloy during continuous casting process. The method comprises drilling a hole at a shroud wall of a tundish during the molten steel casting process, inserting a joint connected with a metal three-way pipe into the hole, blowing inert gas into the inclined tube of the metal three-way pipe, running the rare earth alloy cored wire under the protection of the inert gas through the metal three-way pipe and the joint, and feeding into the molten steel by a wire feeder. The rare earth fed by the invention is uniformly distributed in the molten steel, the formed small impurities are likely to aggregate and float, the sulfide modification effect is remarkable; the columnar crystal and the segregation region are smaller, so that the molten steel is purified effectively. Synchronously, the roll residue within 1 / 4 range of inner arc of the continuously cast plate blank and the vertical fracture defect of the plate are avoided, the danger of steel leakage during the rare earth feeding process of the crystallizer is absolutely avoided. The addition of the rare earth can be optionally adjusted. In this way, requests of adding rare earth by various continuous casting width-thickness ratio plates and advanced rolling technology are satisfied.