The invention relates to an electric power system operation reliability-centered equipment importance evaluation method. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, determining power transmission equipment needing to be evaluated; 2, selecting an element needing to be evaluated; 3, storing system initialization operating environment data; 4, restoring a system initialization operating environment; 5, evaluating an annual electric power system risk; 6, judging whether the number of specified operating times is reached or the calculation precision requirement is met, if the number of specified operating times is reached or the calculation precision requirement is met, entering a step 7, and if the number of specified operating times is not reached or the calculation precision requirement is not met, returning to the step 4; 7, counting system reliability and risk indicators; 8, judging whether all elements needing to be evaluated are evaluated, if all the elements needing to be evaluated are evaluated, entering a step 9, and if all the elements needing to be evaluated are not evaluated, returning to the step 2; and 9, counting element importance indicators, sequencing the element importance indicators, integrating corresponding economic indicators, safety indicators and environment indicators of a system after each equipment is launched, superimposing the economic indicators, the safety indicators and the environment indicators according to certain weight to obtain the corresponding overall indicators of the equipment, and sequencing the overall indicators.