The invention discloses an intelligent ship environment threat target perception system and method. The system comprises a sensor module, a target recognition module, a comprehensive control unit, a short-distance recognition system judgment module and a target feature database. The sensor module comprises a navigation radar, a GPS / Beidou positioning navigation device, a marine AIS receiver, a small target radar, a high-definition video camera tracking device, a three-dimensional laser radar, a millimeter wave radar and a marine pickup device. According to the invention, the active and passivesensors from far to near configured by the intelligent unmanned ships are reasonably configured, the radar signals, photoelectric signals and audio and video signals are considered simultaneously torealize the threat target perception, identification and tracking functions, and the threat objects can be quickly, accurately and reliably identified. The system and the method have a continuous andimprovable self-learning capability, and along with the collection and enrichment of a target audio and video feature library, the capability and efficiency of threat target perception and target recognition of the intelligent unmanned ships can be continuously improved.