The invention discloses efficient wood board deburring equipment for building construction, and relates to the technical field of building construction equipment. The efficient wood board deburring equipment comprises a treatment box and a supporting base, supporting seats are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the upper portion in the treatment box, a screw rod is arranged between the supporting seats and rotationally connected with the supporting seats, nuts are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the surface of the screw rod, clamps are fixedly connected to positions below the nuts, lead screws are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side in the treatment box, lead screw nuts are arranged on the surfaces of the leadscrews, and rack plates are arranged on one sides of the lead screw nuts. Wood boards are clamped and fixed in the clamps, the lead screw nuts drive gears to move up and down on the surfaces of the rack plates in the vertical direction, the rack plates mesh with the gears to drive the gears to rotate, the gears drive a grinding wheel to rotate on the surfaces of the wood boards, the grinding wheelcarries out deburring treatment on the wood boards, a dust suction machine sucks chippings generated in the grinding process into a material collecting groove through a dust suction port, unified collection treatment is carried out, the deburring efficiency is effectively improved through double-face grinding of the wood boards, and the construction process is accelerated.