The invention relates to a sound field parameter obtaining method based on compressed sensing, and belongs to the technical field of digital signal processing. The sound field parameter obtaining method relates to a ball-type microphone array module, a constant observation matrix generation module, an observation signal vector generation module, an orthogonal basis construction module, a random observation matrix generation module, a ball harmonic wave basis coefficient reconstruction module and an object region sound pressure distribution reconstruction module. In a ball-type microphone array design determining module, the realizability and the array miniaturization are considered, and the ball-type microphone array radius is manually determined. Ball harmonic wave basis parameters have the sparsity under the determined ball-type radius, therefore, an orthogonal basis and a random observation matrix are constructed in the orthogonal basis construction module and the random observation matrix generation module respectively according to the compressed sensing theory, meanwhile, the orthogonal basis and the random observation matrix are input into the ball harmonic wave basis coefficient reconstruction module, the ball harmonic wave basis coefficients are reconstructed, and finally the ball harmonic wave basis coefficients are input into the object region sound pressure distribution reconstruction module to enable object region sound pressure distribution to be reconstructed.