The invention discloses a billboard monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. The billboard monitoring system comprises a data collecting module, a data monitoring module, a database, an Internet-of-Things service platform, a billboard control module, a warning module, an intelligent terminal and an operation monitoring module; the data collecting module comprises a positioning collectingunit and a brightness collecting unit; the data monitoring module comprises a temperature monitoring unit, a humidity monitoring unit, an image monitoring unit and a flue gas monitoring unit; and thebillboard control module comprises a ventilation control unit, a dehumidification control unit and a brightness adjusting unit. According to the billboard monitoring system, billboard positioning information and environment brightness can be collected, the temperature, the humidity, images and flue gas ingredients in a billboard can be monitored, the operation states of a billboard body, data collecting equipment and data monitoring equipment can be monitored, and the temperature, the humidity and the brightness of the billboard can be adjusted. The invention further provides a using method of the billboard monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, operation is convenient and quick, and promotion is facilitated.