The invention discloses an NFC authentication system based on quantum encryption, which includes an application server, an application terminal, and a mobile terminal, and a quantum communication service station. The application server and the application terminal are respectively equipped with quantum key cards; During authentication, the mobile terminal applies for and obtains NFC authentication information from the application terminal through NFC transmission, and sends an authentication response with the NFC authentication information to the application server; the application server, in the configured quantum key card, according to the NFC authentication information and use the stored quantum key to calculate the first NFC authentication response value, and send the first NFC authentication response value to the application terminal, and the application terminal performs the first NFC authentication response value via the quantum communication service station Certification, and perform related business based on the certification results. In the present invention, the NFC authentication operation using the mobile terminal is fast and convenient, and the security is high.